1. Information Processes & Technology (IPT)

2. IPT - Topics Information Systems in Context Information Processes
Social and Ethical Issues
Traditional Stages in Developing a System
Complexity of Systems
Rules of People Involved in Systems Development
Collecting
Organising
Transmitting and Receiving
Displaying

3. IPT – Wiki Online

4. IPT – Wiki Online CONT...
Web Address -
No need to sign in (guest will do)
Exercises & PowerPoint slides will be uploaded in “Classroom Notes” folder in a week-by-week bases

5. What is a Wiki?
Wiki is a piece of server software that allows users to freely create and edit Web page content using any Web browser.
Wiki is unusual among group communication mechanisms in that it allows the organization of contributions to be edited in addition to the content itself.
Wiki supports hyperlinks and has a simple text syntax for creating new pages and crosslink's between internal pages on the fly.

6. Examples Of Wiki Sites Wikipedia – Encyclopaedic
Scholarpedia – Encyclopaedic
Everything2 – Personal Essays
LyricWiki – Music Lyrics
SWiK – Open Source Software
GeoNames – Places Online
Intellipedia – Government Intelligence
Wikispecies – Science Biology

7. Information System
Information systems are systems which provide information to users. The term "information system" would normally refer to a computer based system using a DBMS.
A DBMS is a program which creates and manages a database.
A database is the file that is then created by a DBMS.
Database Management System (DBMS) is a software that enables a database to be created, edited and maintained as well as to be stored and searched to extract information

8. Information System CONT...
Main Components of Information System
Lower box the information system affects and is affected by the information processes
The Information System is surrounded by a particular environment

9. Components Of Information System
Environment – Everything that is influenced by the Information System
Purpose – For what need & whom is the information system designed
Information Systems – Users, individuals, IDPO, computerised & non-computerised
Information Processes – Computerised such as access the internet & non-computerised such as listening to the news
Participants – People who carry out information processes with the information system
Date/Information – Raw materials of information going in & coming out as processed data I/O
Information Technology – Hardware & software used by the information processes

10. Example of a System Braking system of a car
The Purpose is to slow the car down
Braking system requires resources or components such as brake pads, break disks, brake pedal
Components work together to process/make the car slow down
The Environment is everything that is influenced by the system

11. Diagrammatic Representation of a System
Environment – The Car, Including all its various sub-system
System – The Braking System
Purpose – To slow down the car
Processes – Pressing brake pedal, fluid moving to callipers, friction between pads and disk, wheel slowing down, etc
Resources – Brake pedal, master cylinder, callipers, brake pads and disks, wheels tyres, etc

12. Example of a Information System in Context (ISC)
Components
Examples
Environment
Doctor’s Surgery
Purpose
Collect and store patient information for use by doctors
Information System
Computers, peripherals, personnel, patients data sheet, patient invoices, medical companies, and hospitals
Information Processes
Sorting and searching data in a database, collecting patient details, entering data into database
Participants
Doctors, administration staff, computer technicians
Data/Information
Patient information sheets, patient invoices
Information Technology
Computer hardware and medical software, patient database, printers

13. Pool Filtration System
A backyard swimming pool contains a filtration system that includes a timer, a pump, a filter, various pipes and electrical connections and a skimmer box. These components work together to keep the pool water clean and healthy. Fig 2.2 shows many of these components, together with the flow of water.
Figure 2.2

14. Pool Filtration System Exercise

15. What is Information Processes?
Information Processes are computer and non-computer based activities that are carried out using the resource or tools of the information system
These activities coordinate and direct the system’s resources to complete the required task and achieve the system’s purpose
Information Processes use participants, data and information technologies to achieve the system’s purpose
Information processes are not necessarily performed by computer-based technologies

16. Information Processes Diagram
Processing
Collecting
Organising
INFORMATION PROCESSES
Manipulation Data
Displaying
Analysing
Transmitting and Receiving
Storing and Retrieving

17. Information Processes - Manipulating Data
Collected – By Deciding what, where and how data will be gathered
Organised – By arranging, representing and formatting data so that it can be used by the information system
Analysed – Interpreting and transforming data into a useful form so that it can be easily processed, such as (Charts and graphs)
Stored and Retrieved – Data is sorted before, during and after processing in temporary memory and then in permanent memory so that it can be retrieved later

18. Information Processes - Manipulating Data CONT...
Processed – The manipulation of data into information, only when data is modified, updated, sorted, or categorised
Transmitted and Received – Transfer of information from one computer to another, both computers must agree on how data will be transferred during the ‘handshake’ stage
Displayed – The information is presented on the screen as a software copy, printed as a hard copy or heard through speakers

19. Take A Guess!
Is an Address Book an example of “Information System”?

20. Example of an Address Book
We collect names, addresses and phone numbers of our friends, relatives and other acquaintances
We decide on the format we will use in our address book
We recognise the first letter of the surname to enable us to correctly store the data
We locate the correct page in the address book and write in the new contacts details
We locate the correct page and then scan to the required contact’s name and read their details
When a contact moves house or changes their phone number we find their name and edit the changed details
We skim through our address book and prepare a list of individuals to be invited to a party
We use the phone numbers or addresses to contact individuals

21. Address Book Exercise