1. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Chapter 10: The Lymphatic System and Immunity

2. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Word Elements An- : without Immun/o: immune system Lymphaden/o: lymph nodes Lymphangi/o: lymph vessels Lymph/o; lymphat/o: lymph or lymphatic system -megaly: enlargement Phag/o: ingest or engulf -phylaxis: protection Splen/o: spleen Thym/o: thymus -oid: resembling Tonsill/o: lymph node, usually palatine tonsil

3. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Introduction Similar to the cardiovascular system in that it involves a network of vessels that transport fluid throughout the body. The lymphatic system circulates fluid called lymph through a one-way system as opposed to the closed circuit of the cardiovascular system. Lymphocytes are a white blood cell that work with the lymph system to fight disease, trap and filter debris (microbes, cancer cells, etc.).

4. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Introduction (cont’d) Major function of the lymph system is immunity. Other functions: –Maintenance of fluid balance in the tissues –Absorb fats that are broken down in the digestive tract

5. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Structure and Function Lymph system consists of lymph vessels, lymph, and special lymphoid tissues called lymph nodes, and lymph organs. The lymph capillaries are similar to blood capillaries in that they carry fluid (lymph) to larger vessels. Lymph is picked up by the lymph vessels, filtered by the lymph nodes, and propelled back into the venules and, subsequently, into the veins.

6. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Structure and Function (cont’d) Lymph nodes contain special cells that devour the harmful substances. When fighting infection the lymph nodes sometimes swell with fluid.

7. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins The Lymphatic System Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

8. Lymphatic Organs There are four lymph organs (lymphoid tissues) that play a role in immunity: 1.Tonsils- located in the pharynx 2.Spleen- located in the upper left quadrant of the abdomen; hemolysis and phagocytosis 3.Thymus gland- located superior to the heart 4.Appendix- an attachment to the beginning of the large intestine; Peyer’s patches in intestine

9. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Location of Lymph Organs Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

10. Immunity Immunity is the state of not being susceptible to a specific disease. Natural immunity is passed on from mother-to-child before birth. Acquired immunity is obtained when a person acquires an infectious disease, such as chicken pox. Artificial immunity, or immunization, is immunity acquired through vaccinations.

11. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Practice and Practitioners Allergists specialize in diagnosing and treating altered immunologic and allergic conditions. Hematologists diagnose and treat disorders of the blood and blood-forming tissue and lymph frequently is included in this specialty. Immunologists study, diagnose, and treat problems with immunity. Oncologists specialize in the treatment of cancer and may be involved in treating cancerous conditions of the lymph system.

12. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Lymphatic System Disorders Lymphadenitis- inflammation of a lymph node or lymph nodes Lymphedema- swelling of the tissues Lymphadenopathy- enlarged lymph nodes Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) - caused by human immunodeficiency virus Infectious mononucleosis – acute infection caused by virus Splenomegaly – may occur with other infections

13. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Lymphatic System Disorders (cont’d) Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening reaction to a foreign substance Hodgkin’s lymphoma – malignant disease of lymph nodes Rheumatoid arthritis – autoimmune disorder Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) – chronic inflammatory disorder that affects body systems

14. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Treatments Range of treatments exist: –Corticosteroids for relief of inflammation –Immunosuppressants –Antiviral agents to reduce body’s reaction to foreign substances –Vaccination to offer artificial immunity

15. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Abbreviations Meaning AIDSAcquired immunodeficiency syndrome CBCComplete blood count HIVHuman immunodeficiency virus HLAHuman leukocyte antigen RARheumatoid arthritis RIARadioimmunoassay SLESystemic lupus erythematosus

16. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Practice The lymphatic system works closely with the _____ system.

17. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Answer The lymphatic system works closely with the _____ system. Cardiovascular

18. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Practice True or False? The lymph system helps keep the body clean.

19. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Answer True or False? The lymph system helps keep the body clean. True The lymph fluid collects debris from the cells and puts the debris in the system to be properly disposed of.

20. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Practice Identify these word elements: –An- –Phag/o –Lymphaden/o –-oid –Phylaxis –Splen/o

21. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Answers Identify these word elements: –An- :without –Phag/o:ingest or engulf –Lymphaden/o:lymph nodes –-oid:resembling –-phylaxis:protection –Splen/o:spleen

22. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Practice Identify these abbreviations: –AIDS –CBC –RA –SLE

23. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Answers Identify these abbreviations: –AIDS:Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome –CBC:Complete blood count –RA:Rheumatoid arthritis –SLE:Systemic lupus erythematosus

24. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Practice Analyze this term: pathogen

25. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Answer Analyze this term: path/o/-gen ↓↓↓ RCVS ↓↓ diseaseproduce A pathogen produces disease.

26. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Practice Analyze this term: anaphylaxis

27. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Answer Analyze this term: ana--phylaxis ↓↓ PS ↓↓ withoutprotection Anaphylaxis means without protection; indicates a life-threatening reaction to a foreign substance

28. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Practice Analyze this term: lymphopathy

29. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Answer Analyze this term: lymph/o/-pathy ↓↓↓ RCVS ↓↓ lymph (system)disease of Lymphopathy means disease of the lymph system.

30. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Practice Analyze this term: tonsillitis

31. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Answer Analyze this term: tonsill/-itis ↓↓ RS ↓↓ tonsilsinflammation of Tonsillitis means inflammation of the tonsils.