1. Chapter 17 Lecture Two of Two Crete ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

2. ARCHAEOLOGY AND CRETAN MYTH ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

3. Archaeology and Cretan Myth Crete between Greek and trade routes to the east, Egypt, and the west ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

4. Archaeology and Cretan Myth First people from Anatolia (7000 B.C.) – First script pictorial – Second: Linear A – Later, the Mycenaeans adapted Linear A for use in their own language. This script called Linear B ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

5. Archaeology and Cretan Myth Minoan power ends in 1450 Cnossos rebuilt but now occupied by Mycenaeans Second destruction: 1400 B.C. Third and final: 1200 B.C. ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

6. Archaeology and Cretan Myth What can we know about the Minoans? Ancient Greeks wanted to know too and used their myths as guide to history – Thucydides Arthur Evans (1899) – Uncovered Minoan material culture at Cnossos ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

7. Fig. 17.6 Reconstructed portion of the Minoan palace at Cnossus. ©2012 Pearson Education Inc. Author’s photo

8. Archaeology and Cretan Myth Minoans were vigorous, pleasure-loving, seafaring, with a taste for vibrant, naturalistic art Palaces not fortified – A thalassocracy? Relationship with Athens perhaps a historical truth – Theseus and the Minotaur ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

9. Archaeology and Cretan Myth Minoan Religion – Worshipped a Great Mother goddess – The “Snake Goddess” – Ariadnê (“the very holy one”) – Ariadnê Aphrodite – Bull as the symbol of male fertility and Zeus? Bull jumping as human sacrifice to the god? ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

10. Fig. 17.7 The snake-goddess ©2012 Pearson Education Inc. Heraklion Museum, Crete; © Giraudon/Art Resource, New York

11. Archaeology and Cretan Myth Athenian youths given to the Minotaur perhaps an image of child-sacrifice Double axe – Used to sacrifice the bull? – Labys < Labyrinth “house of the double axe”? Pasiphaë and the bull a reflection of sacrifice of young women to the god? – modified to a sexual surrender ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

12. Fig. 17.8 Bull-Vaulting Fresco ©2012 Pearson Education Inc. Heraklion Museum, Crete; Marie Manzy/Art Resource, New York

13. Archaeology and Cretan Myth Minoan myth preserved by the Greeks who emphasized the lurid and licentious about the Cretans – Pasiphaë – Phaedra – Megara ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

14. Archaeology and Cretan Myth The story of Theseus appears to be a folktale that resembles a male’s initiation into adulthood – In Athens, young men (18–20 ) who were ephebes alluded to the model of Theseus in their oath ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

15. Archaeology and Cretan Myth TheseusMale Initiation Journey to a far landDriven from native land Victory over death and a monster Mock death and demons Amorous adventureSexual experience Becomes kingReturn to society with full privileges ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

16. Archaeology and Cretan Myth Daedalus, the trickster, also underlines the folktale quality of Minoan myth Prototype of the passionate artist – Daedalic style of art ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

17. End ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.