2. Some aspects of our projects with Quebec-populations 1. Public Health Research Unit of Laval University Medical Research Center-CHUQ,Canada 2. Department of Human Biology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph,Canada michel.lucas@crchul.ulaval.ca Lucas Michel1, Blanchet C. 1, Holub B. J. 2, Dewailly É. 1 UNIVERSITÉ LAVAL International Scientific Conference on seal oil Ottawa, June 7, 2004

3. Santé Québec 1990-92

4. All surveys followed a common standard protocol Face-to-face interviews & clinical sessions - Information on physical, social & psychosocial health Plasma PLs FA concentrations (1992-1996) - Capillary GLC at Guelph University (B.J. Holub) N=2803 (1323 M & 1480 W), 18-74 yrs of age - 52% Quebecers (n=1460, mean age= 40.1 yr) - 33% Cree (n=917, mean age=35.2 yr) - 15% Inuit (n=426, mean age=38.2 yr)

5. Characteristics of subjects who participated in the Santé Québec Health Surveys a,b

6. P for trend = 0.0002 Marine Food Intake (g/d) Dewailly et al. Lipids. 2003 Apr;38(4):359-65. Marine Food Intake (from 24-h dietary recalls)

7. P for trend = 0.0002 Marine Food Intake (g/d) Dewailly et al. Lipids. 2003 Apr;38(4):359-65. Marine Food Intake (from 24-h dietary recalls) 170 mg EPA+DHA 2115 mg EPA+DHA 700-900 mg EPA+DHA

8. Values with same superscripts are not significantly different (p ≥ 0.05)

9. P for trend = 0.0002 Dewailly et al. Lipids. 2003 Apr;38(4):359-65. TABLE 3 Regression coefficients (  values) 1 of EPA+DHA in relation with HDL cholesterol and triacylglycerols as dependant variables. 1 Obtained from multiple linear regression analysis; one model for each CVD risk factor; each model included age, sex, body mass index, waist girth, smoking, alcohol intake Threshold value for a beneficial effect 0.3% Quebecer 31% Cree 84% Inuit

10. Dewailly et al. Am J Clin Nutr. 2001 Oct;74(4):464-73. P for trend = 0.0002 HDL cholesterol according quintile of EPA+DHA Inuit of Nunavik

11. P for trend = 0.03 Triacylglycerols according to quintile of EPA+DHA Inuit of Nunavik Dewailly et al. Am J Clin Nutr. 2001 Oct;74(4):464-73.

12. P for trend = 0.03 FIG 1. Odds ratios (95% CIs) of prevalent high-risk concentration of plasma HDL-Chol by quintiles of plasma PLs ratio of EPA/AA. Dewailly et al. Am J Clin Nutr. 2001 Nov;74(5):603-11. OR for HDL-Chol  0.9 mmol/L Quebecers

13. 18:2 n-618:3 n-3 Four Types of Dietary EFA that predict the % of Highly Unsaturated Fatty Acids (HUFA) in tissues - a useful surrogate clinical marker Lands, Am J Clin Nutr 1995; 61(suppl): 721S-25S. Total HUFA HUFA n-6 (20:3, 20:4, 22:4. 22:5n-6) HUFA n-3 (20:3, 20:4, 20:5, 22:5, 22:6n-3)

14. Values with same superscripts are not significantly different (p ≥ 0.05)

17. Quebecer Cree Inuit 18-34 y 35-49 y 50-74 y Variability of HUFA in tissues n-6 HUFAn-3 HUFA aaa

18. FIG. 2: Coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality rates (for 100,000) associated with tissue HUFA proportions. Lands W.E.M. Lipids 2003 : 317-21. Lands et al. 1992. BBA. (1180):147-162. Lands et al. 1992. FASEB J.( 6):2530-2536. Dewailly E. et al. 2002. Am J Clin Nutr. 76(1):85-92. Dewailly E. et al. 2002. Am J Clin Nutr. 76(1):85-92. Dewailly E et al. 2001. Am J Clin Nutr 74(5):603-11.

19. Contribution of Traditional Foods to EPA+DHA intake among the Inuit of Nunavik

20. Fat (Misirak): 1.5 g/d Fat (Misirak): 1.6 g/d 37.1-42.7 g/d 70.8-75.5 g/d 12.4-13.4 g/d 10.4-13.3 g/d 8.6-11.1 g/d 5.7-8.4 g/d 6.9-9.9 g/d

21. Sign. Diff. in CVD risk factor levels among the 3 pop HDL-chol, Total/HDL-chol, TG, SBP & DBP, Insuline - lowest among Inuit despite higher cig. Smoking & obesity Fish intake among Inuit - 2 times greater than Cree - 10 times greater than Quebecer CONCLUSION EPA+DHA plasma PLs - -2 times greater than Cree - -4 times greater than Quebeces EPA+DHA AHA 2002 ISSFAL 1999 0.5–1.8 g/day 0.7 g/day

22. Sign. Diff. in CVD risk factor levels among the 3 pop HDL-chol, Total/HDL-chol, TG, SBP & DBP, Insuline - lowest among Inuit despite higher cig. Smoking & obesity Fish intake among Inuit - 2 times greater than Cree - 10 times greater than Quebecer Greater availability of market food in many Aboriginal regions appears to be more attracting for young people. CONCLUSION EPA+DHA plasma PLs - -2 times greater than Cree - -4 times greater than Quebeces

23. The Inuit Diet and Health Study An International Study of the Impact of Diet on Health and Disease among the Inuit and Yupik