1. Geology and Geography of Oil

2. Outline Energy resource overview The geology of oil
Origin of oil
How to find oil
The geography of oil: resource, production and consumption

3. Hydropower, geothermal,
Energy Resources
World
Nuclear power 6%
Hydropower, geothermal,
solar, wind 7%
Natural
Gas
23%
Biomass
11%
Oil
32%
Coal
21%
United States 8%
Hydropower
geothermal 4%
39%
22%

4. Oil equivalent (millions of metric tons)
Coal
Natural gas
Year
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
3,500
3,000
2,500
2,000
1,500
1,000
500
Global Consumption of Fossil Fuels

6. Daily Energy Use Per Person in Different Stages of Development
Society
Kilocalories per Person per Day
Modern industrial
(United States)
260,000
Modern industrial
(other developed
nations)
130,000
Early
industrial
60,000
Advanced
agricultural
20,000
Early
agricultural
Daily Energy Use Per Person in Different Stages of Development
12,000
Hunter–
gatherer
5,000
Primitive
2,000

7. Per Capita Energy Use and GNP

8. The Story of
Petroleum

9. Chemical composition of Oil Hydrocarbons
Gas – C1-C4
Liquid – C5-C15
Solid – above C15

10. Petroleum forms from oceanic micro-organisms

11. Natural “traps” keep oil and gas from oozing out at the surface

12. How to find oil: Source rock, reservoir rock, structural traps

13. Source Rock Organic rich shale Oil window Late Cretaceous (90 Ma)
Late Jurassic (150 Ma)
Oil window
Thermal history oC
meter

14. Reservoir Rock
Porosity and permeability
Sandstone and limestone

15. Oil Traps

16. How to find oil Surface exploration Subsurface exploration
Seismic reflection
Drilling

18. Oil seep

19. Source rock analysis

21. Exploration Wells - Wildcats

22. Location of world petroleum deposits

23. Regional Shares of Proved Oil Reserves
Middle East 67.9%
Western Europe 2%
North America
6.7%
Africa 5%
Latin America
6.5%
Eastern Europe and Russia 8%
Far East and Oceania
5.9%

24. Oil Reserve by Country

25. Countries with most oil reserve#
Country
Reserve (109 barrels) 1
Saudi Arabia
262.7 2
Canada
178.9 3
Iran
133.3 4
Iraq
112.5 5
United Arab Emirates
97.8 6
Kuwait
96.5 7
Venezuela
75.6 8
Russia
69.0 9
Libya
40.0 10
Nigeria
36.0 11
Mexico
33.3 12
Kazakhstan
26.0 13
Angola
25.0 14
United States
22.5

26. Oil Production by Country

27. Top Oil producing countries#
Producing Nation for 2004
(×106bbl/d)
(×103m³/d) 1
Saudi Arabia (OPEC)
10.37
1,649 2
Russia
9.27
1,474 3
United States
8.69
1,382 4
Iran (OPEC)
4.09
650 5
Mexico
3.83
609 6
China
3.62
576 7
Norway
3.18
506 8
Canada
3.14
499 9
Venezuela (OPEC)
2.86
455 10
United Arab Emirates (OPEC)
2.76
439 11
Kuwait (OPEC)
2.51
399 12
Nigeria (OPEC) 13
United Kingdom
2.08
331 14
Iraq (OPEC)
2.03
323

28. Oil Export by Country

29. Top petroleum-exporting countries
In order of amount exported in 2003:
Saudi Arabia (OPEC)
Russia
Norway
Iran (OPEC)
United Arab Emirates (OPEC)
Venezuela (OPEC)
Kuwait (OPEC)
Nigeria (OPEC)
Mexico
Algeria (OPEC)
Libya (OPEC)

30. Consumption by Country

31. Top petroleum-consuming countries#
Consuming Nation
(bbl/day)
(m³/day) 1
United States
20,030,000
3,184,516 2
China
6,391,000
1,016,088 3
Japan
5,578,000
886,831 4
Russia
2,800,000
445,164 5
Germany
2,677,000
425,609 6
India
2,320,000
368,851 7
Canada
2,300,000
365,671 8
South Korea
2,061,000
327,673 9
France
2,060,000
327,514 10
Italy
1,874,000
297,942 11
Saudi Arabia
1,775,000
282,202 12
Mexico
1,752,000
278,546 13
United Kingdom
1,722,000
273,776 14
Brazil
1,610,000
255,970

32. Oil Import by Country

33. Top petroleum-importing countries#
Importing Nation
(bbl/day)
(m³/day) 1
United States
13,150,000
2,790,683 2
Japan
5,449,000
866,322 3
China
3,226,000
512,893 4
Netherlands
2,284,000
363,127 5
France
2,281,000
362,650 6
South Korea
2,263,000
359,788 7
Italy
2,158,000
343,095 8
Germany
2,135,000
339,438 9
India
2,090,000
332,283 10
Spain
1,582,000
251,518 11
United Kingdom
1,084,000
172,342 12
Belgium
1,042,000
165,665 13
Canada
963,000
153,105 14
Turkey
616,500
98,016

34. International Crude Oil Flow by Sea

35. Future of Oil – Peak Oil?

36. US Oil Discovery and Production

37. Oil Discovery (3 year average - past and projected) 1930-2050

38. The number of exploratory wells - wildcats - drilled by the Shell oil company are plotted on the horizontal axis and the cumulative amount of oil they discovered is shown in billions of barrels (Gb, or giga-barrels) on the vertical one. The graph makes it clear that recent drilling has discovered much less oil per wildcat than in the early days.

40. Petroleum depletion

41. Oil Use in US 62% of energy comes from oil and natural gas
95% of energy used for transportation comes from oil
1.7% of world oil reserve
Use 30% of global oil production
70% for transportation
Import 60% of oil supplies