1. 335 B.C. – 145 B.C. The Hellenistic Period

2. Greek city-states had declined in power! Greek culture and ideas spread rapidly! However…

3. Macedonia Today

5. Ohrid

6. Tetovo Valley

7. Shar Mountain

8. 359 B.C. Greek City - States Macedonia under Philip

9. How would you unify city-states under your control?

10. Philip II of Macedonia – 338 B.C. Goal: unify Greek city-states and spread Greek culture

11. Remember: Persian Wars

12. Peloponnesian War

13. State of Greek city-states?

14. How did Philip achieve the goal of unifying the Greek city-states?

15. 1. Army Full-time Full-time Phalanx Phalanx 14 ft. spears 14 ft. spears Archers & slingshots (hilly regions) Archers & slingshots (hilly regions)

17. 2. Bribery FlatteryFlattery GoldGold

18. 3. Instigated disagreements When city-states grew weak his army made their move!

19. 4. Diplomacy Made treaties; broke them Made treaties; broke them Used marriage to form alliances Used marriage to form alliances

20. Demosthenes Orator Orator Warned Greeks about Philip but they didn’t listen Warned Greeks about Philip but they didn’t listen

21. Dream of Nebuchadnezzar Head of Gold - Babylon Chest and arms of silver – Medo-Persia Belly and hips of Brass - Greece Legs of Iron - Rome Daniel 2: 31-35

22. Philip’s Checklist  Macedonia  Greek City-states  Persia Philip was assassinated before he could reach his goal. X X

23. Macedonian Empire 336 B.C. Macedonian Empire 336 B.C.

24. The Soap Opera Version Philip had many wives: 1. Audata 2. Phila 3. Nikisipolis 4. Philinna 5.Olympias (Alexander’s mother) 6. Meda 7.Cleopatra (Macedonia Nobility) Pausanias: assassinated Philip; quickly eliminatedPausanias: assassinated Philip; quickly eliminated

25. Alexander the Great

26. Born to be king! Son of king Young Good-looking Smart Physically strong

29. Alexander’s Goal World Peace Unite Macedonians, Greeks, Persians How would he achieve his goal?

30. Steps to Unity???? Brought Persians into his army Married Persian woman (and several others) 80 of his officers married Persian women Dressed in Persian fashion Followed some Persian customs: claimed to be a god (Zeus- Ammon) Brought Persians into his army Married Persian woman (and several others) 80 of his officers married Persian women Dressed in Persian fashion Followed some Persian customs: claimed to be a god (Zeus- Ammon)

31. Why so much emphasis on Persia? Macedonians and Greeks thought Persians to be barbarians! Unity never achieved!

32. Alexandria

33. The Lighthouse

34. The Museum

37. Alexander’s Campaigns

39. Death 323 B.C. (32-33 years old ?) Buried in Alexandria 323 B.C. (32-33 years old ?) Buried in Alexandria ? ?

41. India was returned to original rulers the remaining Kingdom was divided among three generals

42. Greek Influence Greek language Coinage (Alexander) Trade increased Laws Business Customs Calendar Greek language Coinage (Alexander) Trade increased Laws Business Customs Calendar

43. Fall of Greece Economy Emigration Population decreased Not enough workers Economy Emigration Population decreased Not enough workers 146 B.C. – under Roman Control!