4. Learning Objectives  Recognize the need for an investigation  Investigate the scene of the accident  Interview victims & witnesses  Distinguish fact from fiction  Determine root causes  Compile data and prepare reports  Make recommendations

5. THE ACCIDENT THEY ALL HAVE OUTCOMES FROM THE ACCIDENT

6. THE ACCIDENT THEY ALL HAVE CONTRIBUTORY FACTORS THAT CAUSE THE ACCIDENT

7. OUTCOMES OF ACCIDENTS  NEGATIVE ASPECTS – DEATH & INJURY – DISEASE – DAMAGE TO EQUIPMENT & PROPERTY – LITIGATION COSTS – LOST PRODUCTIVITY

8. OUTCOMES OF ACCIDENTS  POSITIVE ASPECTS – ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION – CHANGE TO SAFETY PROGRAMS

9. CONTRIBUTING FACTORS  ENVIRONMENTAL  DESIGN  SYSTEMS & PROCEDURES  HUMAN BEHAVIOUR

10. CONTRIBUTING FACTORS  ENVIRONMENTAL – NOISE – VAPORS, FUMES, DUST – LIGHT – HEAT – CRITTERS

11. CONTRIBUTING FACTORS  DESIGN – WORKPLACE LAYOUT – DESIGN OF TOOLS & EQUIPMENT

12. CONTRIBUTING FACTORS  SYSTEMS & PROCEDURES – LACK OF SYSTEMS & PROCEDURES – INAPPROPRIATE SYSTEMS & PROCEDURES

13. CONTRIBUTING FACTORS  HUMAN BEHAVIOUR – COMMON TO ALL ACCIDENTS – NOT LIMITED TO THE PERSON INVOLVED IN THE ACCIDENT

14. Be Prepared  Develop contingency plans prior to the accident.  Designate an investigator –This person should only be responsible for investigating. –Should have a good working knowledge of operating procedures.  Be equipped with the right tools to do the job thoroughly.

15. WHO SHOULD INVESTIGATE  DEPENDENT ON SEVERITY OF THE ACCIDENT – INVESTIGATION TEAM INDIVIDUALS INVOLVED SUPERVISOR SAFETY SUPERVISOR UPPER MANAGEMENT OUTSIDE CONSULTANTS

16. Why Investigate Accidents?  Find the cause  Prevent similar accidents  Protect company interests

17. BENEFITS OF ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION  PREVENTING RECURRENCE  IDENTIFYING OUT-MODED PROCEDURES  IMPROVEMENTS TO WORK ENVIRONMENT

18. Investigation is 4 Step Process  Control the Scene  Gather Data  Analyze Data  Write Report

19. Control the Scene  Provide medical care for injured –First Aid –On Scene Evaluation –Transport for Medical Care  Control existing hazards –Prevent further injuries –Get more help if needed  Preserve evidence

20. Gather Data  Photos of accident scene  Drawings & sketches & measurements  Data –Persons involved –Date, time, location –Activities at time of accident –Equipment involved –List of witnesses

21. Interviewing  Excellent source of first hand knowledge.  May present pitfalls in the form of: –Bias –Perspective –Embellishment  It is important to maintain a clear thought process and control of the interview.

22. Information Interviews  Gather just the facts… make no judgments or statements  Conduct interviews one on one  Be friendly but professional  Conduct interviews near the scene in private  Interview all supervisors

23. Ask all witness  Name, address, phone number  What did you see  What did you hear  Where were you standing/sitting  What do you think caused the accident  Was there anything different today

24. Ask Supervisors  What is normal procedure for activities involved in the accident  What type of training persons involved in accident have had.  What, if anything was different today  What they think caused the accident  What could have prevented the accident

25. Analyze Data  Gather all photos, drawings, interview material and other information collected at the scene.  Determine a clear picture of what happened  Formally document sequence of events

26. Data Analysis List  Accident Title  Date, Time, Location  Persons involved  Witnesses  Work & Environmental Conditions at time of accident  Immediate actions taken at scene

27. Basic Causes  Unsafe Acts – what activities contributed to the accident  Unsafe conditions – what material conditions, environmental conditions and equipment conditions contributed to the accident

28. Contribution of Safety Controls such as  Engineering Controls - machine guards, safety controls, isolation of hazardous areas, monitoring devices, etc.  Administrative Controls - procedures, assessments, inspection, records to monitor and ensure safe practices and environments are maintained.  Training Controls - initial new hire safety orientation, job specific safety training and periodic refresher training.

29. What controls failed?  List the specific engineering, administrative and training controls that failed and how these failures contributed to the accident.

30. What controls worked?  List any controls that prevented a more serious accident or minimized collateral damage or injuries.

31. Determine  What was not normal before the accident  Where the abnormality occurred  When it was first noted  How it occurred.

32. Unsafe Acts  List all unsafe acts involved in the accident  Examples of unsafe acts –Unauthorized operation of equipment –Running - Horse Play –Not following procedures –By-passing safety devices –Not using protective equipment –Under influence of drugs or alcohol –Taking short-cuts

33. Unsafe Acts

34. Unsafe conditions  List all unsafe conditions involved in the accident  Examples of unsafe conditions –Ergonomic Hazards –Environmental hazards –Inadequate housekeeping –Blocked walkways –Improper or damaged PPE –Inadequate machine guarding

35. Change Analysis  1. Define the problem (What happened?).  2. Establish the norm (What should have happened?).  3. Identify, locate, and describe the change (What, where, when, to what extent).  4. Specify what was and what was not affected.  5. Identify the distinctive features of the change.  6. List the possible causes.  7. Select the most likely causes.

36. Prevention  What needs to change or be improved to prevent similar accidents in the future? –Engineering Controls –Administrative Controls –Training Controls

37. Final Report  Background Information – where, when, who & what  List of those involved & other witnesses  Account of the Accident - sequence of events, extent of damage, accident type, source

38. Report Causes  Analysis of the Accident – HOW & WHY  a. Direct causes (energy sources; hazardous materials)  b. Indirect causes (unsafe acts and conditions)  c. Basic causes (management policies; personal or environmental factors)

39. Recommendations  Action to remedy –Basic causes –Indirect causes –Direct causes  Recommendations - as a result of the finding is there a need to make changes to: –Employee training –Work Stations Design –Policies or procedures

40. Send & File Report  After developing a formal report, forward it for review & action.  File a copy of the report and all raw data, photos, interview notes, etc. in a single file