1. Examples of Universal Systems Models This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 0402616. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the National Science Foundation (NSF).

2. Input Energy phone Communication using the Telephone people Number Cell Hard-line Dial Battery Information Busy Signal Phone Rings Receiving Rings Busy Signal electric Feedback Output Airway Sending On Hard-line Process

3. Construction (Garden Shed) Input Process Output Feedback Standing wood Energy People Materials Capital sawhammer Tools/Machines Cutting Measuring Planning Painting Building nails/screws shingles Waste Garden Shed Saw Dust hammering sawing Noise Storage Too big/small shingle job Shed Water

4. Input Feedback Process Output Electronics (computer) Jamming Typing Moving Mouse Server Key Board Mouse CPU WebsiteDisc/Music Tools Electricity People Reading Word Document Heat Music Frustrated Surfing

5. Input Feedback Process Output Transportation (driving 65 m/h) Gears Fuel filter Engine Tires Person EnergyTime Engine Car Tools/machines Tachometer Fuel Gauge Speedometer Air pollution Gears running faster Gas Pedal

6. Standards to be covered: 14.L 14.M 15.K 15.L 18.K 18.L 18.M