1. The energy of water. 1. Our task is to speak about the water energy. It has two different types: Potential energy:E it depends on the height of water-column Kinetic energy:E p =mgh k = 1/2 mv 2 it depends on the speed of water-flow

2. The circulation of water. 2.2. This picture showes us the way, how water becomes from clouds to clouds again. For this circulation we say the water is a renewed energy.

3. Advantages and disadvantages. 11. Advantages: -the water as „fuel” is renewable -no secondary product -no air or environment pollution, -cheap operation - „fuel” is on the spot -long life - ….. Disadvantages: -long time for construction -damage of dam, flood -siltation behind dam -change of landscape and environment -change of the living-condition of animals and plants -dependence on rain/snow …..

4. Using of water-wheel. 3. These are the oldest water- wheel types. The water-wheels can power different kind of units: mill, hummer, pump, generator… egs.

5. Overshot wheel. 4.4. cups Water flows into the cups of wheel. Due to the mass of water (potentional-- energy) what is in cups, wheel is forced to rotate. If we increase the height (h) of water-column, the power of water- wheel is increasing too. h

6. Undershot wheel. Paddles sink just into the water. Due to the speed of water (kinetic-energy), the wheel is forced to rotate. If we increase the speed (v) of water, the power of rotation is increasing too. 5. paddle v

7. By dam. By increasinge the height of water-column, we increase the potentional energy. So, water flowes through the turbines with stronger energy 6.6.

8. Cross-cut of water-power. 7.

9. How a water turbine works. 8. A turbine is built at the lowest level of the dam (where the kinetic-energy is the most effective). Water is led by guide-blades from behind the dam to rotating-blades. So water forces the turbine to rotate. Turbine and generator have the same shaft, the rotor –part of generator is rotating too, and it produces electric energy.

10. Ebb and flow power-station. If the water-level in front of and behind the dam is different, water is forced to flow toward the sea. In that case, the kinetic-energy will turn the turbine-unit, and generator produces electric energy. In England there are some ebb and flow power- stations. 9.

11. The biggest dam in Europe. 10. Ukraine, river Dnepr

12. Advantages and disadvantages. 11. Advantages: -the water as „fuel” is renewable -no secondary product -no air or environment pollution, -cheap operation - „fuel” is on the spot -long life - ….. Disadvantages: -long time for construction -damage of dam, flood -siltation behind dam -change of landscape and environment -change of the living-condition of animals and plants -dependence on rain/snow …..

13. History. Türr IstvánGerster Béla Two hungarian engineers, who have taken part in some constructions in the world, for example: Panama-canal and barrage, Corinth-canal. 12.

14. How are we using water energy?

15. Some facts Our rivers fall is very low so we can’t make bigger hydroelectric stations We’ve got 37 hydroelectric stations Our hydroelectric stations produce about 4500 GWh energy in a year We’ve got so many little power stations just two bigger ones (Tiszalök, Kisköre)

16. Water hydroelectric stations in Hungary

17. Kenyeri hydroelectric station

18. It helps so much to protect the nature. In one year we can’t use these: 216 tons sulphur dioxid 5,5 coal monoxid 8 tons dust It makes 9 million kWh energy in a year.

19. Sio-river hydroelectric station

20. Datas about the hydroelectic station Performance (in a year): 150-200 MWh (400 family's energy) It was built in 2008

21. Rába hydroelectric station

22. Datas about the hydroelectric station It was built in 2008 There are two 771 kW turbines 9 million energy produce in a year (4000 household’s energy) The hydroelectric station replace these: 216 tons of sulfid dioxid 9500 tons of coal dioxid 5,5 tons of sulfid monoxid 8 tons of dust

23. Bős-Nagymaros

24. Bős-Nagymaros hydroelctric station It has never built In 1977 Hungary and Czechslovakia made an agreement which said that they get energy 50-50% however the biggest part of the station would be in Czechslovakia In 1981 the two half started to discuss about the investment.

25. Bős-Nagymaros hydroelctric station The peope are protasted against this station. In 1990 the new government system fed up with the build of the hydroelectric station, but Chezchslovakia continued the buildings. In 1995 all buildings stopped definite

26. Tiszalök hydroelectric station It was built in 1956 It produce 12 mW energy in a year The biggest performance was 11 520 kW It had connected to the country’s electricity network in 1956

27. Tiszalök hydroelectic station

28. Kisköre hydroelectric station It was built in 1974 This is the biggest hydroelectric station in Hungary It produce 90-95 million kWh in a year The produce depends on the runoff It cover 70 000 household’s year energy

31. THE END 13.