1. What is the message of this cartoon?

2. Bureaucrats write memoranda both because they appear to be busy when they are writing and because the memos, once written, immediately become proof that they were busy. - Charles PetersCharles Peters

3. Growth of Bureaucracy No Constitutional protocol No Constitutional protocol Industrialism and National economy Industrialism and National economy Munn v. Illinois – state can regulate private industry Munn v. Illinois – state can regulate private industry Progressive Era Progressive Era Income tax Income tax Depression and WWII Depression and WWII

4. Executive-Level Department The CabinetThe Cabinet –15 executive departments –Headed by Political appointees Regulatory agenciesRegulatory agencies –Quasi legislative and judicial –ICC, FTC, FDA, SEC, OSHA Government corporationsGovernment corporations –Created for various purposes –TVA, Post Office. Independent agenciesIndependent agencies –Specific responsibilities, facilitate day to day operations –NASA, CIA.

5. Bureaucratic Models Weber’s ModelWeber’s Model –Hierarchical (power down, responsibility up), specialization, rules, meritocracy (peter’s principle), impersonal –Unity of and chain of command, line and staff control, span of control, decentralization of administration Acquisitive bureaucracyAcquisitive bureaucracy –Self perpetuating, jockey for continued existence Monopolistic bureaucracyMonopolistic bureaucracy –No competitive equal in the private sector

6. Staffing the Bureaucracy Political AppointmentsPolitical Appointments –Presidential appointments –Senate advice and consent Civil ServiceCivil Service –Spoils System (1828) –Pendleton Act (1883) –Hatch Act (1939) –Civil Service Reform Act (1978)

7. Policymaking Process and Control RulemakingRulemaking –Waiting periods and challenges –Negotiated rulemaking PolicymakingPolicymaking –Iron triangles –Issue Networks ControlControl –Investigatory and purse power –“Police patrol” and “fire alarm”

8. Reform Sunshine LawsSunshine Laws –Open meetings and disclosure Sunset LawsSunset Laws –Requires reauthorization PrivatizationPrivatization –Contracting out, vouchers IncentivesIncentives –Making agencies more entrepreneurial, “performance- based budgeting” WhistleblowersWhistleblowers –Reveal gross inefficiency or illegal activity “ I’m sorry, dear, but you knew I was a bureaucrat when you married me.”