1. Health Education Partnership Enhancing Physical Literacy at Reception and KS1 St Catherine’s Primary 24 September 2014 Kim Lambden

2. Physical Literacy defined  Where an individual has: the motivation, confidence, physical competence, knowledge and understanding to value and take responsibility for maintaining purposeful, physical pursuits/activities throughout the life course.  Margaret Whitehead July 2013 www.physical-literacy.org.uk

3. Physical activity levels in England: Survey data Based on the 2011 UK physical activity guidelines, in England (HSE, 2012) o Only 9% of boys and 10% of girls aged 2-4 years were classified as meeting the current guidelines for children aged under 5 of at least three hours of physical activity per day. o 84% of children of this age were classified in the ‘low activity’ group.

4. Physical activity levels in England: Survey data Based on the 2011 UK physical activity guidelines, in England (HSE, 2012) o Only 21% of boys and 16% of girls aged 5-18 years were classified as meeting the current guidelines for school aged children aged of at least 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity per day. o Activity decreased from 24% at 5-7 to 21% at 13-15 years

5. Typical levels of physical activity in UK children (accelerometers)  20-25 mins/day in 4-6 y olds in Glasgow  Reilly et al Lancet 2004  25-35 mins/day 9-10 year olds in Newcastle  McClure et al CCHD 2009  20-25 mins/day in 6-7 year olds in Gateshead  Basterfield et al Arch Dis Child 2008  25-35 minutes/day in 11 year olds in Bristol (ALSPAC)  Mattocks et al Arch Dis Child 2007;  Ness et al PLOS Med 2007

6. 45 year decline in Maternal activity 1965-1990s o Substantial decline in activity levels o Substantial increase in sedentary behaviour (extra 7 hours each week) 1990-2010+ o Activity levels and sedentary behaviour have plateaued Mothers with young children more active than mothers with older children

7. This is the result -Kids today run slower than their parents did Today's kids run a mile a minute and a half (90 seconds) slower than children three decades ago, according to new research that analysed 50 past studies on running fitness conducted between 1964 and 2010. Heart-related fitness in children has slipped 5% per decade since 1975. American Heart Association November 2013

8. Prevalence of obesity among children National Child Measurement Programme 2012/13 Patterns and trends in child obesity 8 Child obesity: BMI ≥ 95 th centile of the UK90 growth reference Around one in ten children in Reception is obese (boys 9.7%, girls 8.8%) Around one in five children in Year 6 is obese (boys 20.4%, girls 17.4%)

9. Overweight and obesity among adults Health Survey for England 2010-2012 Patterns and trends in adult obesity 9 Adult (aged 16+) overweight and obesity: BMI ≥ 25kg/m 2 More than 6 out of 10 men are overweight or obese (66.5%) More than 5 out of 10 women are overweight or obese (57.8%)

10. Thin outside but Fat inside kids  “I think that we have underestimated the importance of installing physical activity habits early in life” Professor David McCarthy

11. Nothing on Physical Activity Start4Life - We’re also giving parents advice on how to encourage a healthy diet and physical activity in young children through our Start4Life programme.Start4Life Healthy Child Programme -reduce childhood obesity by promoting healthy eating and physical activity obesity NHS Information Service for Parents. - Nothing Healthy Start - Free resources to use in your setting- NOTHING ON PHYSICAL ACTIVITY These colourful, easy to understand materials can be displayed and distributed to pregnant women, new mums and colleagues. These are ideal for display in your reception, waiting room or break-out area: Posters Start4Life poster (PDF, 210KB) Start4Life healthy start poster (PDF, 744KB) Start4Life healthy start empty belly poster (PDF, 735KB) Leaflets Healthy habits for baby and you - leaflet (PDF, 659KB) Off to the best start - leaflet (PDF, 1.7MB) Building blocks for a better start in life - leaflet (PDF, 412KB) Vitamins and you leaflet (PDF, 458KB) Folic acid leaflet (PDF, 385KB) Breastfeeding at study or work leaflet (PDF, 1.8MB) Guide to bottle feeding leaflet (PDF, 1.06MKB) Introducing solid foods - leaflet (PDF, 4.5MB) If you're a healthcare or childcare professional, you can also order Start4Life leaflets and posters online at www.orderline.dh.gov.uk or by calling 0300 123 1002.www.orderline.dh.gov.uk Government Policy 2014- Giving all children a healthy start in life

12. Physical activity and the Brain Neuroscience and Education EEF 2014 Physical Activity impact on the Structure and functioning of the brain:  Neuroplasticity  Neurogenesis  Neurotrophic factor  Enhance communication (neurotransmitters) and integration between different body systems  Executive function Harvard University - National Scientific Council on the Developing Child

13. o Brain structures and function but also o Body Maps and o Movement Maps Purposeful Physical Play provides the enabling conditions for :

15. LeMoyne et al.: The effects of exercise during pregnancy on the newborn’s brain: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2012, 13:68 This article provides a direct measure of the influence of physical exercise during pregnancy on the developing brain. Impact: More mature brain at 4 months

16. UK Physical Activity Guidelines: The Early Years Physical activity should be encouraged from birth, particularly through floor-based play and water- based activities in safe environments. Children of pre-school age who are capable of walking unaided should be physically active daily for at least 180 minutes (3 hours) spread throughout the day All under 5s should minimise the amount of time spent being sedentary (being restrained or sitting) for extended periods (except time spent sleeping).

17. How do we translate this into practice? 25% Rule In three hours at a EY setting a child should experience at least 45 minutes of energetic purposeful physical play At home children need to do 135 minutes weekdays/180 weekends!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

18. Unproductive Sedentary time Restraint Just sitting

20. Lifestyle

22. Sedentary o 40% of children spend at least 2 hours a day being sedentary (excluding TV watching and school time) o 24% of boys (aged 13-15) 16% girls spend 6 hours being sedentary each day o Average is 3.3 hours (boys) and 3.2 hours (girls) (excluding TV watching and school time)

23. Sensory development  Learning first through our senses, laying down sensory patterns, free form information system that is updated and becomes more elegant with new experiences ‘ Hannaford (2004)

24. VISION INFORMATION FROM MY EYES HEARING INFORMATION FROM MY EARS SMELL INFORMATION FROM MY NOSE TASTE INFORMATION FROM MY TONGUE *Primary sense* TOUCH THE TACTILE SYSTEM PROTECTION & DISCRIMINATION FROM SKIN *Primary sense* BALANCE THE VESTIBULAR SYSTEM SENSES GRAVITY & MOVEMENT *Primary sense* PROPRIOCEPTION SENSES THE MOVEMENT & POSITION OF MUSCLES, LIGAMENTS, TENDONS, JOINTS. Our “movement senses” SENSORY INTEGRATION Primary & Secondary senses All sensory systems need to worker to make sense of ourselves and the world around us.

25. Proprioceptive Sense  Receptors in the muscles and joints give us information about the stretch of the muscle, movement of our joints which parts are weight-bearing  The system helps us know where parts of our body are in space, how it feels and how it is moving so we can move fluidly  These activities give prolonged information in the muscle -pushing, pulling, stretching, hanging, jumping, walking uphill, wearing a backpack, rough and tumble play

26. Experiences to promote proprioception

27. Vestibular Sense  This is the sensory system that tells you when they are –and are not- upright and how to deal with gravity  Located in the inner ear coordinates all the ‘traffic’ coming into the brain, eye movement, spatial awareness, muscle tone...  Spinning, tilting, whirling, twisting and turning around, hanging upside down, jumping, and sliding

28. Experiences to promote Vestibular

29. Floor play – Independent playground Head free Back and neck muscles active Sensation through hands Arm strength Wider range of visual field and perception Body contact, body awareness

30. Planning Learnin g to love being active Building on children’s interests Widening children’s interests Building on children’s interests Widening children’s interests Enabling Environment s Positive Activiti es Needs - Optimal Development Therapy Development al delay Therapy Development al delay Events Festivals Themes Seasons Weather Events Festivals Themes Seasons Weather

31. Format o Enabling Environments o Appropriate equipment o 25% rule o Types of daily formats o Daily essentials o Increase bouts, energetic and sustained activity o Decrease unproductive sedentary behaviour

32. Balance and core stability issues ®

33. Enjoyable experiences developmentally appropriate

34. Shoulder strength Pushing pulling, stretching, hanging Develops shoulder and trunk stability, wrist and arm strength, oppositional force in the thumb and finger

35. Striking

36. Jumping skills ELIZABETH JARMAN ®

37. Shoulder strenth, core stability

38. Hall time

39. Strengthening upper bodies

40. Mark making opportunities ®

41. Mark making- vertical plane

42. Parents are key Problems o Filling children’s time with too many activities o Helicopter parents (always hovering) o Lawnmower parents (making it easy for children) – where is independence and responsibility? o A culture of neglect + leave it to them Positive but very difficult o Addressing 135 minutes each day o Reducing sedentary behaviour at home o Playing with their child o Going to green spaces o Reaching others