1. Incineration versus Zero Waste St. Paul, MN, Nov 14, 2007 Dr Paul Connett Dr Paul Connett Professor Emeritus of Chemistry St Lawrence University, Canton, NY Paul@FluorideALERT.org www. FluorideALERT.org

2. Air emissions versus fuel (pounds per thousand kwh) Leaflet from Xcel Energy

3. Air emissions versus fuel (pounds per thousand kwh) Carbon dioxide Sulfur dioxide NOxPMMercury Leaflet from Xcel Energy

4. Air emissions versus fuel (pounds per thousand kwh) Carbon dioxide Sulfur dioxide NOxPMMercury Natural Gas 11920.0051.20.07 1 x 10-8 1 x 10-8 Leaflet from Xcel Energy

5. Air emissions versus fuel (pounds per thousand kwh) Carbon dioxide Sulfur dioxide NOxPMMercury Natural Gas 11920.0051.20.07 1 x 10-8 1 x 10-8 RDF58701.09.60.22 6923 x 10-8 Leaflet from Xcel Energy

6. Air emissions versus fuel (pounds per thousand kwh) Carbon dioxide Sulfur dioxide NOxPMMercury Natural Gas 11920.0051.20.07 1 x 10-8 1 x 10-8 RDF58701.09.60.22 6923 x 10-8 Biomass39100.68.11.36 1316 x 10-8 Leaflet from Xcel Energy

7. ECONOMIC COSTS Natural Gas Burner for ROCK-TENN Natural Gas Burner for ROCK-TENN = $ 11.2 million = $ 11.2 million RDF/biomass Burner RDF/biomass Burner $300 - $500 million ????? $300 - $500 million ?????

8. OUTLINE 1. Waste Management & the Big Picture 1. Waste Management & the Big Picture 2. The arguments against incineration 2. The arguments against incineration 3. Incineration air emissions 3. Incineration air emissions 4. Incineration & dioxins 4. Incineration & dioxins 5. The alternative to landfills and incinerators 5. The alternative to landfills and incinerators

9. 1.Waste Management & the Big Picture

12. We are living on this planet as if we had another one to go to We cannot run a throwaway society on a finite planet We are robbing our own children and grandchildren This is colonialism in time! Landfills BURY the evidence Incinerators BURN the evidence We need to face the real problem…

13. Our task is to fight the throwaway ethic & over-consumption

14. Not only is over-consumption giving us a local waste crisis but also…

15. … a Global crisis

16. Global warming is the symptom, what is the cause?

17. The Global Crisis: Since the Industrial Revolution we have imposed a linear society on a planet that functions in circles

18. A LINEAR SOCIETY

19. Extraction Extraction A LINEAR SOCIETY

20. Extraction Extraction Production A LINEAR SOCIETY

21. Extraction Extraction ProductionConsumption A LINEAR SOCIETY

22. Extraction Extraction ProductionConsumption Waste A LINEAR SOCIETY

23. Extraction Extraction ProductionConsumption Waste Advertising/TV

24. Over-advertising produces Over-consumption

25. By the time a high school student leaves school, he or she will have watched over 350,000 TV commercials. Paul Hawken The Ecology of Commerce.

26. Myth versus Reality THE MYTH: THE MYTH: The more you consume the happier you become The more you consume the happier you become THE REALITY: THE REALITY: The more you consume the fatter you become! The more you consume the fatter you become!

27. Modern man!

28. “The world has enough for everyone’s need but not for everyone’s greed” Mahatma Gandhi

29. Extraction of VirginMaterials Production of ManufactureditemsConsumptionWaste A LINEAR SOCIETY

30. Extraction of VirginMaterials Production of ManufactureditemsConsumptionWaste Solid waste Air pollution Water pollution Carbon dioxide ENERGY A LINEAR SOCIETY

31. Extraction of VirginMaterials Production of ManufactureditemsConsumptionWaste Solid waste Air pollution Water pollution Carbon dioxide ENERGY

32. Extraction of VirginMaterials Production of ManufactureditemsConsumptionDiscardedMaterials Solid waste Air pollution Water pollution Carbon dioxide Solid waste Air pollution Water pollution Carbon dioxide ENERGY ENERGY

33. Extraction of VirginMaterials Production of ManufactureditemsConsumptionDiscardedMaterials Solid waste Air pollution Water pollution Carbon dioxide Solid waste Air pollution Water pollution Carbon dioxide ENERGY ENERGY

34. Extraction of VirginMaterials Production of ManufactureditemsConsumptionDiscardedMaterials Solid waste Air pollution Water pollution Carbon dioxide Solid waste Air pollution Water pollution Carbon dioxide ENERGY ENERGY INCINERATION & LANDFILLS

35. Extraction of VirginMaterials Production of ManufactureditemsConsumptionDiscardedMaterials Solid waste Air pollution Water pollution Carbon dioxide Solid waste Air pollution Water pollution Carbon dioxide ENERGY ENERGY RECYCLING OF MATERIALS

36. Extraction of VirginMaterials Production of ManufactureditemsConsumptionDiscardedMaterials Solid waste Air pollution Water pollution Carbon dioxide Solid waste Air pollution Water pollution Carbon dioxide ENERGY ENERGY REUSE OF OBJECTS

37. Extraction of VirginMaterials Production of ManufactureditemsConsumptionDiscardedMaterials Solid waste Air pollution Water pollution Carbon dioxide Solid waste Air pollution Water pollution Carbon dioxide ENERGY ENERGY COMPOSTING

38. Waste Management Options and Climate Change. AEA 2002 “Overall, source segregation of MSW, followed by recycling (for paper, metals, textiles and plastics) and composting/AD (for putrescible wastes) gives the lowest net flux of greenhouse gases compared to other forms of treatment of bulk MSW” “Overall, source segregation of MSW, followed by recycling (for paper, metals, textiles and plastics) and composting/AD (for putrescible wastes) gives the lowest net flux of greenhouse gases compared to other forms of treatment of bulk MSW”

39. Kg Greenhouse gas/tonne Municipal Waste Riciclaggio e compostaggio -461 Trattamento Meccanico- Biologico e stoccaggio -366 Termovalorizzazione-10 Waste Management Options and Climate Change. AEA 2002 Slide from Attilio Tornavacca

40. Incineration is a waste of energy! 3-4 times more energy can be saved by a combination of reuse, recycling and composting compared to incineration 3-4 times more energy can be saved by a combination of reuse, recycling and composting compared to incineration Contact: Dr. Jeffrey Morris, jeff.morris@zerowaste.com Contact: Dr. Jeffrey Morris, jeff.morris@zerowaste.com

41. Energy Comparison: Recycling versus incineration (ICF consulting, 2005) material Energy savings from recycling GJ/tonne Energy output from incineration GJ/tonne Energy savings recycling versus incineration Newsprint6.332.622.4 Fine paper 15.872.237.1 Cardboard8.562.313.7 Other paper 9.492.254.2 HDPE64.276.3010.2 PET85.163.2226.4 Other plastic 52.094.7610.9

42. 2. Arguments against incinerators They generate a toxic ash which is poorly handled They generate a toxic ash which is poorly handled They generate toxic air emissions, which are poorly monitored They generate toxic air emissions, which are poorly monitored They are extremely expensive and a poor investment for our children. They are extremely expensive and a poor investment for our children. They are very unpopular with the public and pushed into communities undemocratically They are very unpopular with the public and pushed into communities undemocratically Incineration is not sustainable Incineration is not sustainable There are better alternatives which are There are better alternatives which are

43. Incineration is extremely unpopular Incineration is extremely unpopular In the US over 300 incinerator proposals defeated since 1985 In the US over 300 incinerator proposals defeated since 1985 US has not permitted a new trash incinerator since 1995. US has not permitted a new trash incinerator since 1995.

44. Incineration is a poor investment Most of the money spent on incinerators goes into complicated machinery and leaves the community, whereas Most of the money spent on incinerators goes into complicated machinery and leaves the community, whereas The money spent on the alternatives goes into jobs and stays in the community. The money spent on the alternatives goes into jobs and stays in the community.

45. Think of an incinerator as three boxes

46. 1. The Furnace which Converts 100’s of Tons of trash into Trillions of tiny particles and gases. and gases.

47. Think of an incinerator as three boxes 1. The Furnace which Converts 100’s of Tons of trash into Trillions of tiny particles and gases. and gases. 2. The Air Pollution control devices control devices Which attempt to capture the tiny particles and some particles and some of the gases

48. Think of an incinerator as three boxes 1. The Furnace which Converts 100’s of Tons of trash into Trillions of tiny particles and gases. and gases. 2. The Air Pollution control devices control devices Which attempt to capture the tiny particles and some particles and some of the gases 3. A depository for A depository for the tiny particles the tiny particlescaptured (the fly ash) and the bottom ash the bottom ash

49. CHUTE SECONDARY CHAMBER TURBINE BOILER ELECTRICITY STEAM TRASH BOTTOM ASH FLY ASH TEMP < 200oC SEMI- DRY SCRUBBER FABRIC FILTER WET SCRUBBER DE-NOX ACTIVATED CHARCOAL Ca(OH) 2SUSPENSION AMMONIA INJECTION GRATES For every three tons of trash you get about one ton of ash

50. Ash management In Germany & Switzerland fly ash put into nylon bags and placed in salt mines In Germany & Switzerland fly ash put into nylon bags and placed in salt mines In Japan some incinerators vitrify the ash In Japan some incinerators vitrify the ash In the Netherlands they put the fly ash into asphalt and the bottom ash into road bed In the Netherlands they put the fly ash into asphalt and the bottom ash into road bed In Denmark… In Denmark… They send all the ash to Norway They send all the ash to Norway In the US the EPA allows the bottom ash and fly ash to be mixed together before testing In the US the EPA allows the bottom ash and fly ash to be mixed together before testing

51. 3. Incineration air emissions

52. AIR EMISSIONS CO2 + H2O ACID GASES: HCI, HF, SO 2 NO x TOXIC METALS: Pb, Cd, Hg, As, Cr etc NEW COMPOUNDS: PCB’s PCDDs (DIOXINS) PCDFs (FURANS) ETC NANOPARTICLES

55. Chlorinated hydrocarbons Brominated/chlorinated dioxins and furans Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Catalytic oxidizers

56. Incineration is not sustainable It wastes material resources It wastes energy It wastes the opportunity to fight global warming and the many other impacts of extracting and processing virgin materials

57. Incineration & nanoparticles Both morbidity and mortality in large cities can be related to particulate matter (PM) (from traffic, power stations and industry) Both morbidity and mortality in large cities can be related to particulate matter (PM) (from traffic, power stations and industry) As the particles get smaller the relationship gets stronger As the particles get smaller the relationship gets stronger A modern incinerator converts hundreds or thousands of tons of trash each day into trillions of nanoparticles A modern incinerator converts hundreds or thousands of tons of trash each day into trillions of nanoparticles These nanoparticles are the most dangerous of any combustion source These nanoparticles are the most dangerous of any combustion source

58. Incineration & nanoparticles Nanoparticles from incinerators contain: Nanoparticles from incinerators contain: neurotoxic metals, neurotoxic metals, stabilized free radicals stabilized free radicals thousands of newly synthesized compounds (including PCBs, dioxins and furans). thousands of newly synthesized compounds (including PCBs, dioxins and furans). Any toxic element used in commerce has the potential to end up in nanoparticles produced by incinerators Any toxic element used in commerce has the potential to end up in nanoparticles produced by incinerators

59. The dangers of nanoparticles Nanoparticles are not efficiently captured by air pollution control devices, Nanoparticles are not efficiently captured by air pollution control devices, travel long distances, travel long distances, penetrate deep into the lungs penetrate deep into the lungs

62. Nano Pathology Nano particles can easily cross the cell membranes of every tissue Nano particles can easily cross the cell membranes of every tissue Including the blood brain barrier and the nuclear membrane Including the blood brain barrier and the nuclear membrane Nanoparticles can carry neurotoxic metals into the brain Nanoparticles can carry neurotoxic metals into the brain

63. Aggregati di Piombo, Bario, Cromo, Ferro e Silicio in Cervello. www.stefanomontanari.net

64. Nano Pathology Nanoparticles can carry stabilized free radicals (which cause oxidative stress - inflammation - many degenerative diseases) into every tissue in the body Nanoparticles can carry stabilized free radicals (which cause oxidative stress - inflammation - many degenerative diseases) into every tissue in the body also dioxins and furans also dioxins and furans

65. Free Radical Attack Aus: “Free Radicals Randox Ltd.

66. 4. Dioxins and Incineration

67. Dioxins - major health concerns Dioxins accumulate in animal fat. One liter of cows’ milk gives the same dose of dioxin as breathing air next to the cows for EIGHT MONTHS (Connett and Webster, 1987). Dioxins accumulate in animal fat. One liter of cows’ milk gives the same dose of dioxin as breathing air next to the cows for EIGHT MONTHS (Connett and Webster, 1987). In one day a grazing cow puts as much dioxin into its body as a human being would get in 14 years of breathing (McLachlan, 1995)! In one day a grazing cow puts as much dioxin into its body as a human being would get in 14 years of breathing (McLachlan, 1995)! Dioxins steadily accumulate in human body fat. The man cannot get rid of them BUT A woman can… Dioxins steadily accumulate in human body fat. The man cannot get rid of them BUT A woman can… …by having a baby! …by having a baby! Thus the highest dose of dioxin goes to the fetus and then to the new born infant via breastfeeding… Thus the highest dose of dioxin goes to the fetus and then to the new born infant via breastfeeding…

68. Dioxins interfere with fetal and infant devlopment Dioxins act like fat soluble hormones Dioxins act like fat soluble hormones Disrupt at least six different hormonal systems: male and female sex hormones; thyroid hormones; insulin; gastrin and gluocorticoid. Disrupt at least six different hormonal systems: male and female sex hormones; thyroid hormones; insulin; gastrin and gluocorticoid. Linda S. Birnbaum (Health Effects Research Laboratory, US EPA) Developmental Effects of Dioxins Environmental Health Perspectives, 103: 89- 94, 1995 Linda S. Birnbaum (Health Effects Research Laboratory, US EPA) Developmental Effects of Dioxins Environmental Health Perspectives, 103: 89- 94, 1995

69. Effects of dioxins on thyroid function of new born babies H.J. Pluim et al., The Lancet, May 23, 1992. (Volume 339, 1303) H.J. Pluim et al., The Lancet, May 23, 1992. (Volume 339, 1303) Examined 38 new born babies, divided them into 2 groups: Examined 38 new born babies, divided them into 2 groups: Low-exposed (mothers had average 18.6 ppt dioxins in milk fat, range 8.7 - 28) Low-exposed (mothers had average 18.6 ppt dioxins in milk fat, range 8.7 - 28) High-exposed (mothers had average 37.5 ppt dioxins in milk fat, range 29 - 63) High-exposed (mothers had average 37.5 ppt dioxins in milk fat, range 29 - 63)

70. Effect of Dioxins on Neonatal Thyroid Function after Low-exposure and High-exposure at various ages n Low- exposure n (mean) n High- exposure n (mean) n P* n At birth n T4 n 122.5 n 134.3 n 0.071 n T4/TBG n 0.240 n 0.232 n 0.45 n TSH n 10.4 n 11.9 n 0.58 n 1 week n T4 n 154.5 n 178.7 n 0.006* n T4/TBG n 0.291 n 0.332 n 0.006* n TSH n 2.93 n 2.56 n 0.51 n 11weeks n T4 n 111.1 n 122.2 n 0.033* n T4/TBG n 0.220 n 0.247 n 0.040* n TSH n 1.81 n 2.50 n 0.044*

71. Our Stolen Future How Man-made Chemicals are Threatening our Fertility, Intelligence and Survival Theo Colborn John Peterson Myers Dianne Dumanoski 1994

72. IQ and population 100 Number of Kids With a Specific IQ IQ

73. IQ and population Very Bright Mentally handicapped 100 Number of Kids With a Specific IQ IQ

74. IQ and population Very Bright Mentally handicapped 95 100 Number of Kids With a Specific IQ IQ

75. OUT OF OUR BABIES! WE WANT DIOXIN

76. Institute of Medicine, 2003 Dioxins and Dioxin-like Compounds in the Food Supply Strategies to Decrease Exposure July 1, 2003

77. Institute of Medicine, 2003 Fetuses and breastfeeding infants may be at particular risk from exposure to dioxin like compounds (DLCs) due to their potential to cause adverse neurodevelopmental, neurobehavioral, and immune system effects in developing systems… Fetuses and breastfeeding infants may be at particular risk from exposure to dioxin like compounds (DLCs) due to their potential to cause adverse neurodevelopmental, neurobehavioral, and immune system effects in developing systems…

78. Institute of Medicine, 2003 …The committee recommends that the government place a high public health priority on reducing DLC intakes by girls and young women in the years well before pregnancy is likely to occur. …The committee recommends that the government place a high public health priority on reducing DLC intakes by girls and young women in the years well before pregnancy is likely to occur. (by) Substituting low-fat or skim milk, for whole milk, (and)… foods lower in animal fat… (by) Substituting low-fat or skim milk, for whole milk, (and)… foods lower in animal fat…

79. WE WANT DIOXIN OUT OF OUR FOOD!

80. Do not build incinerators within 50 km of food production - particularly grazing animals

81. Promoters say that modern incinerators have solved the dioxin problem, but have they?

82. Yang & Kim (2004). Characteristics of dioxins and metals emission from radwaste plasma arc melter system. Chemosphere 57: 421-428 When PVC was fed into the high-temperature melter, a significant quantity of PCDD/Fs, cadmium and lead was emitted. When PVC was fed into the high-temperature melter, a significant quantity of PCDD/Fs, cadmium and lead was emitted. Wet scrubbing with rapid quenching, as well as a low temperature two-step fine filtration, or both of them together cannot effectively control the volatile metal species and gas-phase PCDD/Fs. Wet scrubbing with rapid quenching, as well as a low temperature two-step fine filtration, or both of them together cannot effectively control the volatile metal species and gas-phase PCDD/Fs. The removal of PVC from the feed waste stream must also be effective to reduce the emissions of the PCDD/Fs, cadmium and lead species. The removal of PVC from the feed waste stream must also be effective to reduce the emissions of the PCDD/Fs, cadmium and lead species.

83. While modern incinerators have reduced dioxin emissions there is no real accountability in most countries

84. YOU NEED THREE THINGS TO PROTECT THE PUBLIC FROM TOXIC EMISSIONS.

85. STRONG REGULATIONS

86. YOU NEED THREE THINGS TO PROTECT THE PUBLIC FROM TOXIC EMISSIONS. STRONG REGULATIONS ADEQUATE MONITORING

87. YOU NEED THREE THINGS TO PROTECT THE PUBLIC FROM TOXIC EMISSIONS. STRONG REGULATIONS ADEQUATE MONITORING TOUGH ENFORCEMENT

88. YOU NEED THREE THINGS TO PROTECT THE PUBLIC FROM TOXIC EMISSIONS. STRONG REGULATIONS ADEQUATE MONITORING TOUGH ENFORCEMENT IF ANY LINK IS WEAK THE PUBLIC IS NOT PROTECTED

89. “Even if we made incineration safe we would never make it sensible. It simply does not make sense to spend so much money destroying resources we should be sharing with the future.” (PC)

90. Incineration is not sustainable Incineration is not sustainable

91. DIFFERENT TIMES DIFFERENT QUESTIONS 20 th CENTURY WASTE MANAGEMENT “ How do we get rid of our waste efficiently with minimum damage to our health and the environment ?” 21 st CENTURY RESOURCE MANAGEMENT “ How do we handle our discarded resources in ways which do not deprive future generations of some, if not all, of their value ?”

92. Incineration: Perfecting a bad idea Our task in the 21st Century is not to find better ways to destroy discarded materials Our task in the 21st Century is not to find better ways to destroy discarded materials But to stop making packaging and products that have to be destroyed! But to stop making packaging and products that have to be destroyed!

93. 5. The Sustainable Alternative to landfills and incineration = the ZERO WASTE 2020 strategy

94. Zero Waste 2020 No to incinerators No to incinerators No to landfills No to landfills No to a throwaway society No to a throwaway society Yes to a sustainable society Yes to a sustainable society Zero Waste is an idealistic goal, but Zero Waste is an idealistic goal, but Zero Waste 2020 puts it into a realistic timeframe Zero Waste 2020 puts it into a realistic timeframe Zero Waste is a new direction Zero Waste is a new direction It’s moving from the back end of waste disposal It’s moving from the back end of waste disposal to the front end of resource management and industrial design for sustainability to the front end of resource management and industrial design for sustainability

95. Waste is not a technical problem but a problem of organization, education and industrial design

96. To achieve Zero Waste We need three things: 1) 1) INDUSTRIAL RESPONSIBILITY (at the front end) 2) 2) COMMUNITY RESPONSIBILITY (at the back end) 3) GOOD LEADERSHIP (in both places)

97. Industrial Responsibility 1. Design for sustainability 1. Design for sustainability 2. Clean production 2. Clean production 3. Extended Producer Responsibility 3. Extended Producer Responsibility

98. Extended Producer Responsibilty - packaging The Ontario (Canada) Beer industry has been using refillable glass bottles for 50 years 98% recovered Each bottle reused 18 times It saves the company money 2000 jobs in collection and cleaning No cost to municipality

99. Extended Producer Responsibilty - products XEROX CORPORATION EUROPE XEROX CORPORATION EUROPE Recovers copying machines from 16 different countries Recovers copying machines from 16 different countries Takes them to huge warehouses in the Netherlands, where the machines are stripped down for parts and materials Takes them to huge warehouses in the Netherlands, where the machines are stripped down for parts and materials 95% of materials recovered for reuse or recycling! 95% of materials recovered for reuse or recycling! This is saving Xerox $76 millions a year!! This is saving Xerox $76 millions a year!!

100. Solid waste is the visible face of inefficiency!

101. For more examples of Industrial Responsibility Contact Gary Liss at gary@garyliss.com Contact Gary Liss at gary@garyliss.com gary@garyliss.com For more information on EPR initiatives contact Bill Sheehan at For more information on EPR initiatives contact Bill Sheehan at Bill@productpolicy.org Bill@productpolicy.org

102. COMMUNITY RESPONSIBILITY Community responsibility begins with Source Separation Community responsibility begins with Source Separation One container for compostables (i.e.the organic fraction) One container for compostables (i.e.the organic fraction) One (or more) containers for the recyclables One (or more) containers for the recyclables One container for the residuals One container for the residuals

103. 1 2 3

104. CompostingFacility 1 2 3

105. Slides from Enzo Favoino Aerazione forzata Aerazione Forzata

106. Composting Facility for San Francisco

107. CompostingFacility 1 2 3

108. CompostingFacilityMaterialsRecoveryFacility 1 2 3

109. at Pier 96 MATERIALS RECOVERY FACIILITY

111. CompostingFacilityMaterialsRecoveryFacility 1 2 3

112. We have to minimize what goes into container 3 - the residuals

113. CompostingFacilityMaterialsRecoveryFacility Reuse & Repair 1 2 3

114. CompostingFacilityMaterialsRecoveryFacility 1 2 3 & Deconstruction

115. Burlington, Vermont Recycle North (27 employees, gross income over $700,000) offers an excellent model of reuse, repair, job training and deconstruction - see video. Recycle North (27 employees, gross income over $700,000) offers an excellent model of reuse, repair, job training and deconstruction - see video. www.recyclenorth.org www.recyclenorth.org www.recyclenorth.org See also Urban Ore, Berkeley See also Urban Ore, Berkeley Revolve, Canberra, Australia Revolve, Canberra, Australia Waste Wise, Georgetown, Ontario Waste Wise, Georgetown, Ontario EcoCycle, Boulder, Colorado EcoCycle, Boulder, Colorado Eureka Recycling, St. Paul, MN Eureka Recycling, St. Paul, MN

116. CompostingFacilityMaterialsRecoveryFacility Reuse & Repair 1 2 3 & Deconstruction Community Initiatives to Reducewaste

117. Italy A supermarket chain near Florence is providing dispensers which allow customers to refill shampoo and detergent bottles… A supermarket chain near Florence is providing dispensers which allow customers to refill shampoo and detergent bottles… Others wine, water and milk Others wine, water and milk

118. Alcune iniziative italiane per la riduzione

119. Un pizzico di creatività a monte può far risparmiare milioni a valle Un pizzico di creatività a monte può far risparmiare milioni a valle

120. Ireland Has a 15 cent tax on plastic shopping bags - reduced use by over 90% in one year Has a 15 cent tax on plastic shopping bags - reduced use by over 90% in one year 80 towns in Australia have banned plastic shopping bags completely 80 towns in Australia have banned plastic shopping bags completely

121. CompostingFacilityMaterialsRecoveryFacility Residuals? Reuse & Repair 1 2 3 & Deconstruction Community Initiatives to Reducewaste

122. The residual fraction is the key difference between incineration and the Zero Waste strategy Incineration attempts to make the residuals disappear Incineration attempts to make the residuals disappear Zero Waste 2020 needs to make the residuals VERY VISIBLE, because… Zero Waste 2020 needs to make the residuals VERY VISIBLE, because… Residual Fraction = bad industrial design and poor purchasing decisions Residual Fraction = bad industrial design and poor purchasing decisions We need better industrial design, community organization and individual responsibility to move towards sustainability We need better industrial design, community organization and individual responsibility to move towards sustainability

123. The Key Step Forward The Key Step Forward

124. MORE TOXICS RESIDUAL SCREENING FACILITY MORE RECYCLABLES DIRTYORGANICFRACTION INTERIM LANDFILL BIOLOGICAL STABILIZATION Operating in Nova Scotia Nova Scotia

125. What we need What we need

126. MORE TOXICS RESIDUAL SCREENING FACILITY MORE RECYCLABLES DIRTYORGANICFRACTION INTERIM LANDFILL BIOLOGICAL STABILIZATION Operating in Nova Scotia Nova Scotia

127. MORE TOXICS NON-TOXIC, NON-BIODEGRADABLE FRACTION & RESEARCH RESIDUAL SCREENING & RESEARCH FACILITY MORE RECYCLABLES DIRTYORGANICFRACTION INTERIM LANDFILL BIOLOGICAL STABILIZATION RESEARCHCENTER

128. NON-RECYCABLE MATERIALS RESIDUAL SCREENING & RESEARCH FACILITY Local University Or Technical College RESEARCHCENTER

129. RESEARCH CENTER Improve capture rate of reusables, recyclables and clean compostables (Captain Garbage - make it fun!) Improve capture rate of reusables, recyclables and clean compostables (Captain Garbage - make it fun!) Recommend waste avoidance strategies for local businesses Recommend waste avoidance strategies for local businesses Develop some local uses for some materials Develop some local uses for some materials Recommend better industrial designs to industry on packaging etc Recommend better industrial designs to industry on packaging etc Develop alternatives to some of the toxics in products (batteries, paint, solvents etc) Develop alternatives to some of the toxics in products (batteries, paint, solvents etc)

130. CompostingFacilityMaterialsRecoveryFacility ResidualScreening & & ReseachFacility Reuse & Repair 1 2 3 & Deconstruction Community Initiatives to Reducewaste Household toxics

131. The Residual Screening & Research Facility Is the key link between Community Responsibility and Industrial Responsibility Is the key link between Community Responsibility and Industrial Responsibility

132. Networking for Sustainability Networking for Sustainability Need a network of local research centers linked to state, regional and federal research institutes working on a SUSTAINABLE FUTURE Need a network of local research centers linked to state, regional and federal research institutes working on a SUSTAINABLE FUTURE

133. WITH INCINERATION WE CONVERT 3 TONS OF TRASH into : into : 1 ton of ASH That nobody wants!

134. WITH THE ZERO WASTE 2020 STRATEGY WE CONVERT 3 TONS OF TRASH into : into : 1 ton of compostables 1 ton of recyclables 1 ton of recyclablesand 1 ton of EDUCATION!

135. The Message to Industry: If we can’t reuse it, recycle it or compost it, If we can’t reuse it, recycle it or compost it, Industry shouldn’t be making it and Industry shouldn’t be making it and we shouldn’t be buying it!!! we shouldn’t be buying it!!!

136. Another three reasons why ZW 2020 is better than incineration Jobs! Jobs! Jobs !! Jobs !! Jobs !!! Jobs !!!

137. Nova Scotia 50% diversion in 5 years (Halifax ~ 60%) 50% diversion in 5 years (Halifax ~ 60%) 1000 jobs created collecting and treating discarded materials 1000 jobs created collecting and treating discarded materials Another 2000 jobs created in the industries handling the collected material Another 2000 jobs created in the industries handling the collected material Nearly all the separated materials are re- used in Nova Scotia’s own industries. Nearly all the separated materials are re- used in Nova Scotia’s own industries.

139. Zero waste Initiatives around the world Zero waste Initiatives around the world www.GRRN.org www.GRRN.org www.GRRN.org www.ZWIA.org www.ZWIA.org www.ZWIA.org www.CRRA.org www.CRRA.org www.CRRA.org www.ecocycle.org www.ecocycle.org

140. Canberra, Australia Passed law “No Waste by 2010” Passed law “No Waste by 2010” Currently over 70% diversion Currently over 70% diversion Setting up a “Resource Recovery Park” to locate all the industries which can make products out of separated materials Setting up a “Resource Recovery Park” to locate all the industries which can make products out of separated materials

141. Ontario The city of Markham (north of Toronto) has diverted 70% from landfill in 2 years. The city of Markham (north of Toronto) has diverted 70% from landfill in 2 years. Contact: Councillor Erin Shapiro Contact: Councillor Erin Shapiro eshapero@markam.ca eshapero@markam.ca eshapero@markam.ca www.Markham.ca www.Markham.ca

142. Prince Edward Island, Canada Whole island has door to door collection of recyclables and compostables Whole island has door to door collection of recyclables and compostables

143. New Zealand Over 50% of communities have declared a Zero Waste strategy Over 50% of communities have declared a Zero Waste strategy

144. San Francisco Population = 850,000 Population = 850,000 Very little space Very little space 50% waste diverted by 2000 50% waste diverted by 2000 63% waste diverted by 2004 63% waste diverted by 2004 75% waste diverted by 2010 (goal) 75% waste diverted by 2010 (goal) 100% (or very close!) by 2020 – Zero Waste 100% (or very close!) by 2020 – Zero Waste

145. The “Fantastic 3”

146. ALL FOOD SCRAPS, YARD TRIMMINGS AND COMPOSTABLE PAPER GO IN THE GREEN CART

147. The source separated organics go to a composting faciolity

148. THE COMPOST IS SOLD TO LOCAL FARMERS

149. THE FOOD PRODUCED GOES BACK TO SAN FRANCISCO

150. ALL BOTTLES, CANS AND RECYCLABLE PAPER GO IN THE BLUE CART

151. at Pier 96 MATERIALS RECOVERY FACIILITY

152. Italy Italy has pioneered new “door to door” collection systems to maximize the collection of clean organic material Italy has pioneered new “door to door” collection systems to maximize the collection of clean organic material Important work done by Enzo Favorino from the Agricultural School in the Parco Monza, near Milan. Important work done by Enzo Favorino from the Agricultural School in the Parco Monza, near Milan.

153. Comunità in Lazio che hanno riciclato più del 50% dei rifiuti attraverso il sistema di raccolta porta-a-porta in un solo anno! ComunePopulazione % rifiuto differenziato Sonnino7,15454% Sermoneta7,00064% Lenola4,20065% Monterosi3,02954% Bassiano1,67050% Castelforte4,70052%

154. Italy Over 600 communities in Italy are achieving over 50% diversion using “door to door” collection systems Over 600 communities in Italy are achieving over 50% diversion using “door to door” collection systems In the North, Novara - (population = 100,000) at 70% diversion in 18 months In the North, Novara - (population = 100,000) at 70% diversion in 18 months In the South, Near Salerno 4 communities over 70% In the South, Near Salerno 4 communities over 70%

155. Italy The Treviso region - 22 communities averaging 76% diversion The Treviso region - 22 communities averaging 76% diversion

156. RISULTATI QUANTITATIVI AUMENTO % RACCOLTA DIFFERENZIATA

157. RISULTATI QUANTITATIVI AUMENTO % RACCOLTA DIFFERENZIATA

158. DIFFERENZIATA COSTA DI PIU? Costi di gestione senza raccolta differenziata Costi di gestione con raccolta differenziata

159. La gestione dei rifiuti nei Comuni del Consorzio Priula Paolo Contò Consorzio Intercomunale Priula - Villorba (TV) consorzio@priula.it

160. VIDEOS On the Road to Zero Waste: Part 1: Nova Scotia, Canada Part 2: Burlington, Vermont, US Part 3: Canberra, Australia Part 4: San Francisco ZERO WASTE: Idealistic Dream or Realistic Goal?

161. GOOD LEADERSHIP GOOD LEADERSHIP We need leaders with Big vision imagination and … WHO ARE NOT BORING!

162. HUMAN “BORINGS” Have no imagination Have no imagination have no vision have no vision have no sense of humor have no sense of humor are obsessively tidy are obsessively tidy confuse being clever with being wise confuse being clever with being wise have more faith in machines than people have more faith in machines than people believe science and technology can fix every problem believe science and technology can fix every problem believe man is the centre of the universe believe man is the centre of the universe And a woman’s place is in the kitchen! And a woman’s place is in the kitchen!

163. Boring experts think with the wrong end of their bodies !

164. A BACK END THINKER… 1. A CUP 2. A BUCKET 3. A FOOT PUMP 4. AN ELECTRIC PUMP

165. A FRONT END THINKER…

166. The waste problem Is too important to be left to “waste experts” Is too important to be left to “waste experts” We need all sectors involved if we are to move towards a sustainable society We need all sectors involved if we are to move towards a sustainable society As far as sustainability is concerned the waste problem is a fabulous place to start As far as sustainability is concerned the waste problem is a fabulous place to start

167. Zero Waste 2020 Education Sustainable Economic Development Sustainable agriculture Community development Sustainable Energy Industrial Design & Labor Unions Architecture

168. “When you build an incinerator, you are advertising to the world the you are not clever enough - either politically or technically - to recover your discarded resources”

169. THIS COMMUNITY IS NOT READY FOR THE DEMANDS OF THE 21ST CENTURY.

170. TAX PAYERS $DOLLARS JOBS ENERGY SMALL BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES FLEXIBILITY VISION RESOURCES IMAGINATION CREATIVITY COMMUNITY RESPONSIBILITY INDUSTRIAL RESPONSIBILITY SUSTAINABILITY

171. Three final messages To Citizens: To Citizens: Don’t let the “experts” take your common sense away Don’t let the “experts” take your common sense away To Politicians: To Politicians: Put your faith back in people - stop trying to solve all your problems with overpaid consultants and magic machines Put your faith back in people - stop trying to solve all your problems with overpaid consultants and magic machines To Activists: To Activists: Have Fun! Have Fun!

172. Dioricicla, il diavolo brucia

173. The Battle Hymn of Garbage (Chorus) We don’t want incineration We know there’s a better way!

174. The Battle Hymn of Garbage While we recognize our landfills All are swelling with the waste This doesn’t justify A bad decision made in haste! Let us put our heads together So the problem may be faced And we must do it now!

175. The Battle Hymn of Garbage (Chorus) We don’t want incineration We know there’s a better way!

176. The Battle Hymn of Garbage Mine eyes have seen the garbage That’s a smoldering on the grate We must stop incineration Before it is too late Unless we wish the dangers We had better separate And we must do it now!

177. The Battle Hymn of Garbage (Chorus) We don’t want incineration We know there’s a better way!