1. Friday 3 December 2010 Shelter Meeting 10b is hosted by UN/OCHA Heiner Gloor, Shelter Centre Joanna Read, Shelter Centre Federica Lisa, Shelter Centre Evaluation in Pakistan Presentation

2. Friday 3 December 2010 Shelter Meeting 10b is hosted by UN/OCHA Purpose of the evaluation 1.Determine what lessons can be learned from the 2010 flood, and 2005 earthquake response in Pakistan for informing a set of Transitional Shelter Guidelines 2.Assess the value of IOM’s prefab transitional shelter programme in Kashmir (post 2005 earthquake )

3. Friday 3 December 2010 Shelter Meeting 10b is hosted by UN/OCHA 1.Executive summary Purpose of the evaluation Overview of shelters evaluated Summary of findings 2.2005 Kashmir earthquake evaluation Overview Urban prefab shelter types Findings 3.2010 Pakistan flood evaluation Overview One room shelters Transitional shelters 4.Conclusions Content of this presentation

4. Friday 3 December 2010 Shelter Meeting 10b is hosted by UN/OCHA Executive summary Overview of shelters evaluated

5. Friday 3 December 2010 Shelter Meeting 10b is hosted by UN/OCHA Executive summary Overview of shelters evaluated Kashmir (’05 Eq): Prefab shelters: SIDA-IOM, Saudi Government Turkish Red Cross Samaritan’s Purse

6. Friday 3 December 2010 Shelter Meeting 10b is hosted by UN/OCHA Executive summary Overview of shelters evaluated Kashmir (’05 Eq): Prefab shelters: SIDA-IOM, Saudi Government Turkish Red Cross Samaritan’s Purse KPK (2010 flood) NRC, PAKCDP, SAH transitional shelters Ummah Welfare Trust reconstruction site

7. Friday 3 December 2010 Shelter Meeting 10b is hosted by UN/OCHA Overview of shelters evaluated Kashmir (’05 Eq): Prefab shelters: SIDA-IOM, Saudi Government Turkish Red Cross Samaritan’s Purse KPK (2010 flood) NRC, PAKCDP, SAH transitional shelters Ummah Welfare Trust reconstruction site Punjab (2010 flood) UN-Habitat one room shelter pilot project UN-Habitat sandbag TS IIH (Turkey) prefab TS Kashmir (’05 Eq): Prefab shelters: SIDA-IOM, Saudi Government Turkish Red Cross Samaritan’s Purse KPK (2010 flood) NRC, PAKCDP, SAH transitional shelters Ummah Welfare Trust reconstruction site Executive summary

8. Friday 3 December 2010 Shelter Meeting 10b is hosted by UN/OCHA Overview of shelters evaluated Sindh (2010 flood) IOM one room shelter pilot projects Kashmir (’05 Eq): Prefab shelters: SIDA-IOM, Saudi Government Turkish Red Cross Samaritan’s Purse KPK (2010 flood) NRC, PAKCDP, SAH transitional shelters Ummah Welfare Trust reconstruction site Punjab (2010 flood) UN-Habitat one room shelter pilot project UN-Habitat sandbag TS IIH (Turkey) prefab TS Kashmir (’05 Eq): Prefab shelters: SIDA-IOM, Saudi Government Turkish Red Cross Samaritan’s Purse KPK (2010 flood) NRC, PAKCDP, SAH transitional shelters Ummah Welfare Trust reconstruction site Executive summary

9. Friday 3 December 2010 Shelter Meeting 10b is hosted by UN/OCHA Summary of findings Important to remember that transitional shelter will not be appropriate in all contexts Serious consideration needs to be given to the cost of transitional shelter: if all available funds are spent on TS, who will assist with permanent reconstruction? Transitional shelter is not necessarily a discrete step - should be seen as an integrated part of the response process Executive summary

10. Friday 3 December 2010 Shelter Meeting 10b is hosted by UN/OCHA Summary of findings Transitional shelter may be appropriate in specific cases: a.displaced persons; b.beneficiaries who need to focus on activities other than rebuilding for some time; c.very vulnerable households. Use local materials/techniques where possible: lack of acceptance, and setting up supply chains, can cause major delays Executive summary

11. Friday 3 December 2010 Shelter Meeting 10b is hosted by UN/OCHA 1.Executive summary Purpose of the evaluation Overview of shelters evaluated Summary of findings 2.2005 Kashmir earthquake evaluation Overview Urban prefab shelter types Findings 3.2010 Pakistan flood evaluation Overview One room shelters Transitional shelters 4.Conclusions

12. Friday 3 December 2010 Shelter Meeting 10b is hosted by UN/OCHA 2005 earthquake overview Key facts 28,000 urban houses destroyed or damaged 83% housing units in Muzaffarabad damaged or destroyed 95% housing units in Balakot damaged or destroyed

13. Friday 3 December 2010 Shelter Meeting 10b is hosted by UN/OCHA 2005 earthquake overview Recovery strategy (urban) Initial payment of Rs 25,000 ($ 290) from the Government, for immediate shelter needs 10,000 prefabricated transitional shelters provided in urban areas A further Rs150,000 ($ 1,750) paid by the Government in two tranches

14. Friday 3 December 2010 Shelter Meeting 10b is hosted by UN/OCHA 2005 earthquake overview Muzaffarabad urban scenario Balakot urban scenario Earthquake Tents for up to 2 years Prefab shelters Reconstruction compliant to ERRA standards No permanent reconstruction allowed Earthquake Tents for up to 1 year Prefab shelters ? Relocation Unregulated reconstruction

15. Friday 3 December 2010 Shelter Meeting 10b is hosted by UN/OCHA IOM/SIDA/DAM shelter Cost: $4,600 (in 2006) ‘Local’ materials: aluminium frame, insulation board, coated iron sheeting Parts assembled in workshops set up in town Saudi Public Assistance Cost: $6,300 (in 2006) inc. latrine Aluminium frame, sandwich panels made in China All parts imported from Saudi Arabia (‘flat pack’) and assembled on site Urban prefab shelter types Muzaffarabad, November 2010 Balakot, November 2010

16. Friday 3 December 2010 Shelter Meeting 10b is hosted by UN/OCHA Urban prefab shelter types Samaritan’s Purse Cost: $4,500 (in 2006) ‘Local’ materials: galvanised iron frame, insulation board, CGI sheeting Constructed on site Turkish Red Crescent Cost: $ Unknown – most expensive Transported via truck from Turkey Modified goods container - arrives ready assembled Balakot, November 2010 Muzaffarabad, November 2010

17. Friday 3 December 2010 Shelter Meeting 10b is hosted by UN/OCHA Strengths Shelter quality and conditions: good Parts from some designs suitable for reuse in permanent constructions Earthquake-safe In some cases, basic designs have been replicated in permanent, seismic proof houses Urban prefab shelter types Muzaffarabad, November 2010

18. Friday 3 December 2010 Shelter Meeting 10b is hosted by UN/OCHA Urban prefab shelter types Weaknesses Slow response time High cost Shelters much smaller than pre-earthquake construction Very little (often no) beneficiary involvement Balakot, November 2010

19. Friday 3 December 2010 Shelter Meeting 10b is hosted by UN/OCHA Findings What made some prefab designs more popular than others? Use of common/easy to understand construction techniques which can be replicated Easy to reuse/resell parts: Standard parts Good quality parts Balakot, November 2010

20. Friday 3 December 2010 Shelter Meeting 10b is hosted by UN/OCHA Findings Lessons learned Key problem was the slow response – many people stuck in tents and prefabs for 5 years “Would have been better to provide money to beneficiaries to start reconstruction sooner” Donors allowed to dictate the response Samaritan’s Purse and some SIDA shelters much more popular due to use of standard parts Balakot, November 2010

21. Friday 3 December 2010 Shelter Meeting 10b is hosted by UN/OCHA 1.Executive summary 2.2005 Kashmir earthquake evaluation Overview Urban prefab shelter types Findings 3.2010 Pakistan flood evaluation Overview One room shelter Transitional shelter Permanent reconstruction 4.Conclusions

22. Friday 3 December 2010 Shelter Meeting 10b is hosted by UN/OCHA www.shelterpakistan.org 2010 floods overview Key facts

23. Friday 3 December 2010 Shelter Meeting 10b is hosted by UN/OCHA ProvincesHouses destroyed or damaged Emergency shelter distributed - coverage Remaining need* PAK6,30834%4,177 Balochistan75,59647%40,372 Gilgit Baltistan 2,830102%- KPK285,24378%61,498 Punjab500,00032%274,346 Sindh876,19417%639,793 TOTAL1,746,17133%874,696 * Total remaining needs = sum of provincial remaining needs – unallocated pipeline www.shelterpakistan.org UN OCHA Update 1 st Nov 2010 Key facts 2010 floods overview

24. Friday 3 December 2010 Shelter Meeting 10b is hosted by UN/OCHA ‘Early recovery’ shelter strategy The affected can be (very) roughly split into three groups: Possibility of return Extended displacement Seasonal flood migrants Sindh Province, Pakistan, November 2010 2010 floods overview

25. Friday 3 December 2010 Shelter Meeting 10b is hosted by UN/OCHA ‘Early recovery’ shelter strategy ‘One room shelter’ strategy selected for returnees Transitional shelter strategy selected only for extended displacement and seasonal flood migrants Sindh Province, Pakistan, November 2010 2010 floods overview

26. Friday 3 December 2010 Shelter Meeting 10b is hosted by UN/OCHA Major problems faced by implementers: Time – water receding quickly and people start to rebuild very quickly Limited funding: Government assistance KPR 20,000 per family released so far for emergency needs Shelter cluster is currently 14% funded* Lack of technical surge capacity Local building practices not flood resistant 2010 floods overview

27. Friday 3 December 2010 Shelter Meeting 10b is hosted by UN/OCHA Cost: $200-300 Aim to assist beneficiaries in the (re)construction of one habitable room Agency assistance in form of limited materials (often doors/windows/roof) and or skilled labour, tech assistance Social mobilisation and mass communication to encourage beneficiaries to lead the construction, using salvaged and/or locally available material One room shelter Sindh Province, Pakistan, November 2010

28. Friday 3 December 2010 Shelter Meeting 10b is hosted by UN/OCHA Strengths Relatively cheap and fast (approx. 2 weeks) Potential for upgrade/extension Potential for hazard resistant features Supports local market and local economy Use of local and well accepted construction techniques One room shelter Sindh Province, Pakistan, November 2010

29. Friday 3 December 2010 Shelter Meeting 10b is hosted by UN/OCHA Weaknesses Relies on additional money from government (via WATAN) card May prevent beneficiaries from focussing on livelihood activities Slow agency response, difficulties in providing sufficient technical support in time (e.g. many shelters lack DRR features) One room shelter Sindh Province, Pakistan, November 2010

30. Friday 3 December 2010 Shelter Meeting 10b is hosted by UN/OCHA Lessons learned Potentially safe, durable and cost-effective if: sufficient technical assistance is provided as soon as construction starts funding is properly tailored to the needs of the beneficiaries One room shelter Sindh Province, Pakistan, November 2010

31. Friday 3 December 2010 Shelter Meeting 10b is hosted by UN/OCHA Lessons learned Early recovery/reconstruction strategy needs to be thought out during emergency phase Sometimes possible go move straight from emergency phase to reconstruction One room shelter Sindh Province, Pakistan, November 2010

32. Friday 3 December 2010 Shelter Meeting 10b is hosted by UN/OCHA Cost: $500+ Cluster strategy for: those facing extended displacement; and seasonal flood migrants Some NGOs also using transitional shelter for: beneficiaries whos primary need is to focus on agriculture beneficiaries who do not have resources to start rebuilding Transitional shelters Punjab Province, November 2010 NRC, KPK Province, 2010

33. Friday 3 December 2010 Shelter Meeting 10b is hosted by UN/OCHA Sandbag transitional shelter Currently one test shelter constructed by UN- Habitat. Originally intended for roll out to ~25 displaced families. Targeted at beneficiaries who have lost their land due sand deposits. Unlikely to be used on a large scale due to high cost and lack of acceptance. Punjab Province, November 2010 UN-Habitat, Punjab Province, 2010

34. Friday 3 December 2010 Shelter Meeting 10b is hosted by UN/OCHA Sandbag transitional shelter Strengths relatively cheap – encourages use of material readily available (sand on site!) reusable roofing material (I beam, chiq, bamboo) comfortable internal conditions (good thermal performance) opportunities for beneficiary involvement in construction Punjab Province, Pakistan, November 2010

35. Friday 3 December 2010 Shelter Meeting 10b is hosted by UN/OCHA Sandbag transitional shelter Weaknesses Lack of acceptance from community Beneficiaries not convinced that shelter is flood proof Stigma of ‘poor man’s construction’. Wall material not easy to reuse Expensive Punjab, Pakistan, November 2010

36. Friday 3 December 2010 Shelter Meeting 10b is hosted by UN/OCHA Sandbag transitional shelter Lessons learned Lots of grassroots dialogue is needed for the community to accept a new technology Vital for transitional shelter to include reusable elements Relatively high cost (>$500) makes this design financially unsustainable UN-Habitat, Punjab Province, 2010

37. Friday 3 December 2010 Shelter Meeting 10b is hosted by UN/OCHA Light frame transitional shelter Transitional shelter being implemented while beneficiaries: are busy with agriculture; lack resources to rebuild Design used/tested in previous programmes (e.g. in KPK) NRC, KPK Province, November 2010

38. Friday 3 December 2010 Shelter Meeting 10b is hosted by UN/OCHA Light frame transitional shelter Strengths Quick to assemble and relatively cheap Some support to local markets and economy – chiq, bamboo, timber Use of standard parts makes repairs easy All parts are potentially reusable Opportunities for some beneficiary involvement in construction SLA, KPK Province, November 2010

39. Friday 3 December 2010 Shelter Meeting 10b is hosted by UN/OCHA Light frame transitional shelter Weaknesses Thermal performance is less optimal than in well built brick/mud shelters Necessary to set up supply lines in order for materials to reach beneficiaries Generally not locally accepted building techniques Not flood resistant Additional funds required for final construction – reliance on WATAN card SLA, KPK Province, November 2010

40. Friday 3 December 2010 Shelter Meeting 10b is hosted by UN/OCHA Light frame transitional shelter Lessons learned Important that materials used are of good quality to allow for reuse/reselling Potentially a good approach for specific cases Beneficiaries may need further financial (and other) assistance for permanent reconstruction UN-HABITAT, Sindh Province, 2010

41. Friday 3 December 2010 Shelter Meeting 10b is hosted by UN/OCHA Prefab transitional shelter Cost: ~ $ 4,500 – same amount to be spent on permanent reconstruction = $9,000 total Prefabs provided for village to use for 6 months while permanent buildings are being constructed. (55 homes, 2 offices, 1 school, latrines) Prefabricated shelter components imported by train and lorry from Turkey Punjab Province, November 2010

42. Friday 3 December 2010 Shelter Meeting 10b is hosted by UN/OCHA Prefab transitional shelter Strengths Quick to assemble (1 hour?) Good shelter quality and durability Complete shelter kits are potentially stockpilable and reusable in another response Shelters are elevated – protection against minor flooding Punjab Province, November 2010

43. Friday 3 December 2010 Shelter Meeting 10b is hosted by UN/OCHA Prefab transitional shelter Weaknesses Very expensive (~$4,500) Unlikely to be suitable for warm, humid climates Repairs potentially difficult due to imported, non standard parts ‘Camp like’ layout of transitional shelters Unlikely that shelters will be reused due to easily damaged parts and the large logistic effort required Punjab Province, November 2010

44. Friday 3 December 2010 Shelter Meeting 10b is hosted by UN/OCHA Prefab transitional shelter Lessons learned Donor driven approach can lead to less than ideal responses (all or nothing) Compared with means available this appears to be an extremely inefficient use of resources Prefabricated shelters are unlikely to be suitable for use in rural areas Punjab Province, November 2010

45. Friday 3 December 2010 Shelter Meeting 10b is hosted by UN/OCHA 1.Executive summary Purpose of the evaluation Overview of shelters evaluated Summary of findings 2.2005 Kashmir earthquake evaluation Overview Urban prefab shelter types Findings 3.2010 Pakistan flood evaluation Overview One room shelters Transitional shelters 4.Conclusions

46. Friday 3 December 2010 Shelter Meeting 10b is hosted by UN/OCHA Conclusions Important to start to plan for early recovery in parallel with emergency phase The cost of a transitional shelter should be seriously considered as part of the overall response. Would funds be better spent on more rapid reconstruction?

47. Friday 3 December 2010 Shelter Meeting 10b is hosted by UN/OCHA Conclusions Better coordination needed at various levels: inter-hub headquarters-hubs agencies - Shelter Cluster Institutional memory and technical knowledge sharing for better coordination and more timely response Consider investing in people

48. Friday 3 December 2010 Shelter Meeting 10b is hosted by UN/OCHA Thank you Questions?