1. Progressives Confront Industrial Capitalism Progressives Confront Industrial Capitalism Adapted from The American People, 6 th ed. Progressivism was the first modern reform movement; encompassed such diverse fields as environmentalism and birth control. Progressivism was the first modern reform movement; encompassed such diverse fields as environmentalism and birth control. Who put pressure on government to reform? Who put pressure on government to reform?

2. Muckrakers  A new breed of journalist that was interested in the form of written whistle- blowing: telling the readership what was wrong in America  Targeted specific governments and businesses such as the meat-packing industry

3. Reformers  Instrumental in the establishment of child- labor legislation in the United States  Targeted length of workday for women, birth control  Endorsed better housing and education, pointing to the detriment of urban overcrowding and establishing early fire codes  Crusaded against saloons, brothels and movie houses (religious element)

4. Union Organizers  American Federation of Labor – first large American labor union – goal was collective organizing and action (strikes)  Devastating fire at the Triangle Shirtwaist Company forced New York State to examine worker’s conditions in manufacturing

5. Pressure by reformers led to changes in city, state, and federal government http://blog.cleveland.com/pdextra/2007/08/photoe.jpg

6. President Theodore Roosevelt (1901-1909) http://www.visitingdc.com/images/theodore-roosevelt-picture.jpg

7. Trusts  Foremost on Roosevelt’s list of priorities was an attempt to control the actions of large industrial corporations that were constantly consolidating, growing bigger and more powerful  Directed the justice department to prosecute some of the largest corporations in the country under the 1890 Sherman Anti-Trust Act (Congress regulated inter-state commerce to break up concentration of economic power in large corporations).

8. Meat Inspection and the FDA  Key reform began in response to Upton Sinclair’s novel of the Chicago meatpacking industry, The Jungle  Led to a Meat Inspection Act (1906) that required federal inspection of all companies selling meat in interstate commerce.  The Pure Food and Drug Act (1906) prohibited the manufacture, sale, or transportation of adulterated or fraudulently labeled foods or drugs in interstate commerce. http://www.nytimes.com/2005/01/26/business/26meat.html?oref=login

9. Conservation  Roosevelt tripled the land set aside for national forests, bringing the total to more than 150 million acres  Worked to increase public awareness of the limited amount of resources in America

11. President Woodrow Wilson (1913-1921) http://www.visitingdc.com/images/woodrow-wilson-picture.jpg

12. Wilson’s Reforms  In 1913, Wilson helped initiate the Federal Reserve Act, which helped to prevent the banking industry from collapsing under the pressure of international panic by organizing 12 banks to act as reserves (the Federal Reserve Banks today).  In 1914, encouraged Congress to pass antitrust legislation to establish the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) to prohibit unfair business practices and restore competition in industry.  In 1916, Congress passed a new law to prohibit child labor; another limited railroad workers to an eight-hour day.

13. Progressive Era Constitutional Amendments 16th (1913) Granted Congress the power to tax income. 16th (1913) Granted Congress the power to tax income. 17th (1913) *Provided for the direct election of U.S. Senators through popular vote (prior to this, state legislatures elected Senators) *Allowed governors to appoint replacements in case of a Senate vacancy. Implications today? 17th (1913) *Provided for the direct election of U.S. Senators through popular vote (prior to this, state legislatures elected Senators) *Allowed governors to appoint replacements in case of a Senate vacancy. Implications today?

15. The Constitution did not expressly prohibit women from voting and they could vote in some states. Why do you think women (and many men!) wanted a Constitutional Amendment?

16. Progressive Era Constitutional Amendments 18th (1919) Prohibited manufacture, sale of transportation of alcohol. 18th (1919) Prohibited manufacture, sale of transportation of alcohol. (Repealed by 21st Amendment in 1933) 19th (1920) The right of citizens to vote should not be denied or abridged by the US or any state on account of a citizen’s sex. 19th (1920) The right of citizens to vote should not be denied or abridged by the US or any state on account of a citizen’s sex. http://cache.jezebel.com/assets/images/jezebel/2008/06/suffragettes6408.jpg http://lordkaiserindustries.com/images/Prohibition.jpg