1. Mobile Location Services: Market Strategies Ovum Report 2000 Part J: Technology Pasi Pekkinen pasi.pekkinen@navinova.com Navinova Oy Navinova Oy

2. Ovum Report 2000: Mobile Location Services 21/05/2015 / PP2 Key messages Standardising positioning technologies and the interchange of data with other systems a great challengeStandardising positioning technologies and the interchange of data with other systems a great challenge LBS will be a part of personalised servicesLBS will be a part of personalised services Basic positioning is available: Cell IDBasic positioning is available: Cell ID More accurate methods will be availableMore accurate methods will be available –require investments in devices and/or networks Market will be limited until a clear choiceMarket will be limited until a clear choice

3. Ovum Report 2000: Mobile Location Services 21/05/2015 / PP3 Key messages (2) Terminal-based solutions more accurateTerminal-based solutions more accurate –Devices require modifications  implications on the size, complexity and power consumption  affects on the cost If positioning solely within device, the role of the operator diminishesIf positioning solely within device, the role of the operator diminishes

4. Ovum Report 2000: Mobile Location Services 21/05/2015 / PP4 Technological implications Sharing of information between operators, application and service providers and device vendors poses a major challengeSharing of information between operators, application and service providers and device vendors poses a major challenge Different applications have different requirementsDifferent applications have different requirements –commerce transactions must be secure –navigational services near real-time

5. Ovum Report 2000: Mobile Location Services 21/05/2015 / PP5 Terminal-based technologies GPS Measurement of signal from satellitesMeasurement of signal from satellites –minimum 4 satellites need to be visible Time of arrival of the signal usedTime of arrival of the signal usedA-GPS continuously operating GPS reference network provides assistance in speed and accuracy of first fixcontinuously operating GPS reference network provides assistance in speed and accuracy of first fix  GPS drawbacks –urban canyon effect –requires all handsets to be modified

6. Ovum Report 2000: Mobile Location Services 21/05/2015 / PP6 Terminal-based: E-OTD Device measures signals from  3 base stations and observes the time differenceDevice measures signals from  3 base stations and observes the time difference Device requires software updateDevice requires software update Base stations need to be synchronised or location units need to be installedBase stations need to be synchronised or location units need to be installed Slightly slower response times than Cell IDSlightly slower response times than Cell ID Active measurement by the device or base stations transmit their position and timing values by cell broadcastActive measurement by the device or base stations transmit their position and timing values by cell broadcast

7. Ovum Report 2000: Mobile Location Services 21/05/2015 / PP7 Network-based (1) Cell IDCell ID –Fallback positioning method: no modifications required –Usually combined with TA  Cell ID+ Time of Arrival (TOA)Time of Arrival (TOA) –measurement of the propagation time of a signal from device to  3 LMUs –high investment costs

8. Ovum Report 2000: Mobile Location Services 21/05/2015 / PP8 Technology comparison Location technology Terminal modifications Network modifications Investment required Ownership Cell ID + TA NoneNoneLowOperator TOANone Measurement units HighOperator A-GPS GPS receiver Measurement units MediumHandset E-OTD Software update Base station modifications MediumMixed

9. Ovum Report 2000: Mobile Location Services 21/05/2015 / PP9 Standards bodies (1) GSM AssociationGSM Association –01/2000 document on LBS service requirements ETSIETSI –ETSI standard GSM 03.71: functional description for location services UMTSUMTS –3GPP for third generation: Cell ID, GPS, IPDL- OTDOA

10. Ovum Report 2000: Mobile Location Services 21/05/2015 / PP10 Standards bodies (2) WAP ForumWAP Forum –work underway for standard enabling LBS for WAP LIFLIF –founded by Ericsson, Motorola and Nokia in 09/2000 –to develop inter-operable LCS solution –generic interface for application developers BluetoothBluetooth –defining local-positioning profile as part of future Bluetooth specification (target 2001)