1. SOURCE:ATIS TITLE:Identification and (ILS) AGENDA ITEM:GRSC-2; #5.1 CONTACT:Mark Younge, mark.younge@t-mobile.commark.younge@t-mobile.com GSC9/GRSC_ 028 1 GSC-9, Seoul Identification and Location Services (ILS) Mark L. Younge P.E. ATIS GSC Delegation

2. GSC-9, Seoul 2 Identification and Location Services (ILS) Overview Location Based Services (LBS) –Wireless Emergency Services (WES) Technology Architecture Positioning Technologies ILS Standards Specifications

3. GSC-9, Seoul 3 Identification and Location Services (ILS) Definition ILS is a suite of wireless mobility services aimed at providing the location and other information of a mobile subscriber (target) to an ILS subscriber(s) (client) to provide and/or augment commercial and public services. Note: the ILS subscriber may also be the ILS client Why ILS Because you have to (Regulatory Mandate) Competitive differentiation by providing highly personalized services based on the location and preferences of the subscriber and client ILS Components Location Based Services/Applications (LBS) Technology Architecture

4. GSC-9, Seoul 4 Location Based Services Location based information Personalized push/pull information services based on subscribers proximity to certain locations (e.g. Restaurants, retail stores, movie theaters, etc.) Location sensitive billing Rate plans based on proximity to home or work Emergency services The subscriber’s position is given to public service in order to dispatch on site emergency assistance (e.g. medical, fire, rescue, etc.) Tracking Monitoring the location and route of the subscriber in real time (e.g. transportation, security, surveillance, etc.)

5. GSC-9, Seoul 5 27/04/2015 US Mandate for WES Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Order 94-102 requires: Phase 0, October 1, 1997 - All 911 calls to be delivered to Public Safety Answer Points (PSAP) including non-initialized mobile devices Phase I, April 1, 1998 - Provide a call back number and location data to PSAP Phase II October 1, 2001 - Provide caller location within 125 meters 67% of the time based on a root mean square (RMS*) average Phase II + (to be phased in over a 4 year period) Handset based - 50 meters 67% of the time, 150 meters 95% of the time Network based - 100 meters 67% of the time, 300 meters 95% of the time Hybrid - 50 meters 67% of the time, 150 meters 95% of the time Wireless Emergency Services (WES)

6. GSC-9, Seoul 6 LBS Technology Architecture Positioning Probabilistic determination of spatial coordinates of a target Geographic Information Systems Tools to provision and administer base map data such as man made structures (streets, buildings) and terrain (mountains, rivers) Manage point-of-interest data such as location of gas stations, restaurants, nightclubs, etc. Information about the radio frequency characteristics of the mobile network Location Management Function Processes positioning and GIS data on behalf of LBS applications Gateway and mediator between positioning equipment and LBS infrastructure

7. GSC-9, Seoul 7 Positioning Methods Network-based Mobile Positioning Technology - Position of target determined in the mobile network Mobility signaling information Position Determination Equipment/Location Management Unit (PDE/LMU) Handset-based Mobile Positioning Technology - Position of target determined by terminal Global Positioning System MAP and radio propagation data processed by a positioning algorithm in the terminal

8. GSC-9, Seoul 8 Network-based Mobile Positioning SS7/Mobile IN Technologies for Positioning - leverage the SS7 and IN network to obtain location, especially for mid-call/session position updates SS7 message may contain the cell of origin (COO) or cell ID of the corresponding cell site currently serving the user GSM MAP Any Time Interrogation (ATI) ANSI-41 Position Request (PosReq) messages respectively for positioning LBS application can be middle-ware as an Service Control Function (SCF) launching a message (MAP ATI or PosReq) to the HLR for position information. The HLR may respond with approximate information (such as the COO) or more precise information (such as TA or NMR as in the case with GSM).

9. GSC-9, Seoul 9 Network-based Mobile Positioning Angle of Arrival (AOA) Angle of received signal from handset Requires adaptive antenna technology Time of Arrival (TOA) Timing Advance (TA) or Round Trip Timing (RTT) from handset Radio Propagation Techniques Level of received signal vs. Position determine previously determined mapping of the radio frequency (RF) characteristics of cell area Hybrid Methods Use the best of AOA, TOA, and RF to provide improved positioning

10. GSC-9, Seoul 10 SS7/Mobile IN Technologies for Positioning Cell coverage area="Service area" Base station Base station coverage Sector MS

11. GSC-9, Seoul 11 Angle of Arrival (AOA) Cell coverage area="Service area" Base station coverage Base station Sector MS AOA Up Link Signal

12. GSC-9, Seoul 12 Angle of Arrival (AOA) Cell coverage area="Service area" Base station coverage Base station Sector MS AOA Multi-path

13. GSC-9, Seoul 13 Base station Base station coverage Sector MS Time of Arrival (TOA) Timing Advance

14. GSC-9, Seoul 14 MS SDCCH, TCH -ToA Up Link Time Difference of Arrival U-TDOA Hyperbolic Trilateration

15. GSC-9, Seoul 15 Radio Propagation Techniques

16. GSC-9, Seoul 16 Hybrid AOA + TOA Cell coverage area="Service area" Base station Base station coverage Sector MS Timing Advance AoA

17. GSC-9, Seoul 17 Handset-based Mobile Positioning Enhanced Observed Time Difference (E-OTD) Round Trip Timing (RTT) derived TOA from 3+ base stations Idle Period Downlink OTD Of Arrival IPDL-OTDOA Trilateration of UTRAN frame timing to/from 3+ base stations Enhanced/Advanced Forward Link Trilateration (E/AFLT) Trilateration of CDMA messages from base stations Global Positioning System (GPS) GPS receiver in handset Assisted GPS (A-GPS) Additional network equipment deployed to calculate and relay relative position along with satellite GPS information to the handset.

18. GSC-9, Seoul 18 Enhanced Observed Time Difference (E-OTD) MS Round Trip Timing

19. GSC-9, Seoul 19 UTRAN SFN-SFN OTD IPDL-OTDOA Hyperbolic Trilaleration UTRAN SFN-SFN OTD

20. GSC-9, Seoul 20 Hyperbolic Trilaleration Enhanced/Advanced FLT

21. GSC-9, Seoul 21 d i - d j = c (  t i -  t j ) d 1 Neighbor Base station Neighbor Base Station Serving base station Measurement error margin d 2 d 0 Hyperbolic Trilaleration

22. GSC-9, Seoul 22 The Global Positioning System Base station MS GPS Ground Station ephemeris, almanac, clock...

23. GSC-9, Seoul 23 The GPS Problem Base station MS ephemeris, almanac, clock... GPS Ground Station

24. GSC-9, Seoul 24 Assisted GPS (A-GPS) Base station MS GPS Reference Receiver ephemeris, almanac, clock... DGPS, timing, xyz GPS Ground Station

25. GSC-9, Seoul 25 Summary of Positioning Technologies Positioning Technology AccuracyNetworkFCC Requirements IN/SS7 Cell ID200m-10km Network based - 100 meters 67% of the time, 300 meters 95% of the time AOA100m-2km TOA,TA500 m EFLT U-TDOA 250 – 350m TOA, RTT100-200m E-OTD AFLT 50-200mGSMHandset based/Hybrid - 50 meters 67% of the time, 150 meters 95% of the time GPS60s, 10-30m A-GPS1s, 1-10mIDEN, CDMA A-GPS/AFLT CDMA

26. GSC-9, Seoul 26 ILS/LCS Standards GSM Stage 1 TS 02.71 LCS; Stage 1 GSM Stage 2 TS 03.59 LCS GERAN TS 03.71 LCS; Functional description GSM Stage 3 TS 04.30 LCS; Supplementary service operations TS 04.31 LCS; Mobile Station (MS) - Serving Mobile Location Centre (SMLC) Radio Resource LCS Protocol (RRLP) TS 04.35 LCS; Broadcast network assistance for Enhanced Observed Time Difference (E-OTD) and Global Positioning System (GPS) positioning methods TS 04.71 LCS; Mobile radio interface layer 3 specification TS 09.31 LCS; Base Station System Application Part LCS Extension (BSSAP-LE)

27. GSC-9, Seoul 27 ILS/LCS Standards 3GPP Stage 1 TS 22.071 LCS; Functional description 3GPP Stage 2 TS 23.171 LCS; Functional description (UMTS) TS 23.271 LCS; Functional description TR 23.835 Study into applicability of Galileo in LCS TR 23.871 Enhanced support for user privacy in LCS 3GPP Stage 3 TS 24.030 LCS; Supplementary service operations 3GPP2 IS-801 Position Determination Service Standard for Dual Mode Spread Spectrum Systems IS-801A Assisted GPS A-GPS

28. GSC-9, Seoul 28 WES/LBS Standards PCS 1900/CDMA J-STD-036-A-2002 Enhanced Wireless 9-1-1 Phase 2 incorporates a mobile positioning center (MPC) that would provide the location manager middle-ware function for WES as well as commercial based LBS.

29. GSC-9, Seoul 29 Acknowledgements Margaret Livingston, Nokia Mobile in a Minute Openwave Fall Creek Consultants True Position Manifest Technology Universal Wireless Communications Communications Consortium (UWC)