1. S OCIAL S CIENCE R ESEARCH HPD 4C W ORKING WITH S CHOOL – A GE C HILDREN AND A DOLESCENTS M RS. F ILINOV

2. E XPECTATIONS A2.2 locate and select information relevant to their investigations from a variety of primary sources A2.3 based on preliminary research, for each investigation formulate a hypothesis, thesis statement, or research question, and use it to focus their research A3.1 assess various aspects of information gathered from primary and secondary sources A3.3 analyse and interpret research information (e.g., compare information gathered from primary and secondary sources; determine whether similar information is found in different sources) A3.4 demonstrate academic honesty by documenting the sources of all information generated through research

3. R ESEARCH P APERS There are two major types of research papers: Research Essays – Many research tasks will be complete when the secondary research is finished. The results are presented as a research essay in which evidence from the research is described to support a thesis. Research Reports – The results of a original investigation of a hypothesis are presented as research reports in which the method and the results are described. A research report enables others to evaluate the method to determine whether the results are reliable.

4. R ESEARCH Q UESTIONS AND H YPOTHESIS Research Questions establishes the purpose of the research. -should be clearly worded about a specific aspect of the topic to guide you in selecting information from secondary sources in your literature review. -Two types of questions: description Q: “What happens?” Explanation Q: ‘Why” or “How” A Hypothesis is a possible answer to your research questions.

5. S CIENCE R ESEARCH M ETHODS Quantitative methods –they gather information from many people, and predict patterns of behavior from groups of people. -analyze the results using statistics, to generalize and predict. Qualitative Methods- they gather detailed information from individuals. -the results can be presented anecdotally as case studies

6. S ELECTING A RESEARCH METHOD Quantitative Research Method -Experiments -Surveys – questionnaire: closed questions and open – ended questions -Content Analysis – used for anthropological and historical research. Qualitative Research Methods -Observations -Interviews

7. Ethical Research Do not change, omit, or make up evidence in a mistaken attempt to improve your report. Use citations and references to give credit to the original authors of any work you have consulted. Ensure that the report reflects your own analysis and conclusions. Your are responsible for ensuring that your report presents the evidence accurately. Sample Groups Define the population who will be the subject of your study, considering age, gender, ethnic group, religion, level of education etc.

8. W HEN AND HOW TO PARAPHRASE Decide if you will quote, summarize, or paraphrase an author’s work. Quoting: to include a section of an author’s writing in your assignment without changing it. Quote a quote if: Every word the author uses is critical. The quotation will not make your text too long. You haven’t used too many quotation already. The author’s style or phrasing is critical. Summarize: to express only the most essential points of a piece of writing. Summarize if: Not all of the author’s words are necessary. If paraphrasing or quoting will make your text too long. Paraphrase: to put the author's ideas into your own words. Paraphrase if: The author’s words will be difficult for your reader to understand. The reader requires proof that you understand the author correctly.

9. C ONTINUED … To paraphrase you MUST write in your own words and alter the wording and structure of the sentence. Tips on paraphrasing: -When doing research 1. Take notes 2.Write down the points of information. 3. Change the language of the ideas you write down. Write down information about the source. -When writing your assignment 1. Take your notes and change them into full, correct sentences. 2. Provide a reference to the original source. 3. Go back and check the original text to make sure that your words are not the same as the words of the author, and that the paraphrase is accurate.