1. Why did the First Crusade Succeed

2. Reasons for Success

3. Muslims Disorganised
Muslims misunderstood the threat of the Western knights
They expected the Prince’s crusade to be as easy to destroy as the people’s crusade
They were more interested in fighting amongst themselves than joining forces to defeat the crusade
The Muslims did not have the religious zeal that drove on the Christians, at least not yet

4. Cont.
The Seljuk Turks had only recently lost Jerusalem to the Fatimid Muslims so they were in no hurry to help the Fatimids defend the city against the crusaders

5. 2. Military Superiority of the Knights
The Crusaders were ferocious warriors
Their brutal tactics shocked the Muslims
The charge of the mounted knight was a new tactic the Muslims were unprepared for
Europeans know how to engage in siege warfare

6. Support from Byzantium
The first crusade was the only crusade to have significant support from Constantinople
Even though Alexius’s army did not participate in the crusade itself, they did cause problems, diverting a lot of Muslim resources
Alexius also provided much needed supplies at the sieges of Antioch and Jerusalem

7. Crusading Zeal
The sheer determination of the crusader helped them through incredible hardships
Because they believed God would help them they attempted the impossible, where most armies would have surrendered e.g. Battle of Antioch, assault on Jerusalem
The Muslims did not really understand this idea of a “Holy War”, they assumed the crusaders were after land and territory therefore they always underestimated what they could achieve

8. Luck
At times the crusaders were VERY lucky