Hand Tools Session 9.

Name: Hand Tools Session 9.
Uploaded: 2017-08-15T16:04:35+00:00
Duration: PTM26S17
Channel: Poppy Page
Description: Hand Tools Session 9.

Hand Tools Session 9

Shop Tools and Techniques
Industrial Tool Usage Two categories Hand tools Machine tools Importance of hand tools should not be overlooked Bench work includes operations of inspecting, fitting, and assembling Shop Tools and Techniques

Two Classes of Hand Tools
Noncutting Cutting Shop Tools and Techniques

Noncutting Include vises, hammers, screwdrivers, wrenches, pliers, and etc. Used basically for holding, forming, assembling, reassembling, destroying, or dismantling parts Shop Tools and Techniques

Bench Vise Also Called Machinist’s Vise Used to hold small work securely for sawing, chipping, filing, polishing, drilling, reaming, and tapping Size determined by width of jaws Shop Tools and Techniques

Bench Vise Jaw caps made of brass, aluminum, or copper to protect the work surface from being marred or damaged Solid or swivel base Shop Tools and Techniques

Other Vises Shop Tools and Techniques

Clamping Device C-Clamp Popular in Plant settings 2” to 12” Allows clamping two or more items together or clamping one item to another Shop Tools and Techniques

Clamping Device Boiler Clamps Heavy Duty 6” to 24” Shop Tools and Techniques

Hard Faced Hammers Ball Peen Peen: smaller, rounded end Used in riveting or peening operations Variety of sizes Shop Tools and Techniques

Hard Faced Hammers Sledge Largest striking surface Used in persuading or “nudging” objects Variety of sizes: head mass range 1 to 12 lb Smaller sizes used for gentle persuasion Larger sizes used for serious business Shop Tools and Techniques

Hard Faced Hammers Claw type Smaller striking surface Claw end can be used for prying nails and etc Variety of sizes: head mass range 10 oz to 22 oz Smaller available with ergonomic handles Shop Tools and Techniques

Soft-Faced Hammers Faces made of plastic or rubber. Plastic or rubber faced hammers are fastened to steel body and replaced when worn Used in assembling or dismantling parts so finished surface of work not marred Shop Tools and Techniques

Soft-Faced Hammers Heads with replaceable faces made of plastic or rubber Shop Tools and Techniques

Soft-Faced Hammers Heads made of rawhide, aluminum, brass, copper, copper/bronze or lead Entire head made of above material Used in assembling or dismantling parts so finished surface of work not marred Shop Tools and Techniques

Soft-Faced Hammers Heads with replaceable section of leather. Shop Tools and Techniques

Soft-Faced Hammers Dead Blow hammers Filled with lead or steel shot Do not “bounce back” or “rebound” after striking object Do not lose shape and last longer than lead hammers Shop Tools and Techniques

Safety Precautions When Using a Hammer
Be sure handle is solid and not cracked Be sure head is tight on handle and secured with proper wedge to keep handle expanded in head Never use with greasy handle or when your hands are greasy Never strike two hammer faces together Shop Tools and Techniques

Screwdrivers Two most common types Standard or flat blade Blades for smaller make of round stock Blades for larger often square for leverage Phillips Different sizes and styles Standard shank Stubby shank Offset Shop Tools and Techniques

Regular Screwdrivers Tip for use with slotted-type screw Manufactured in various sizes To suit various-sized slots in heads of fasteners Shop Tools and Techniques

Phillips Screwdrivers
Tip for use with Phillips-type screws Manufactured in sizes: #1, #2, #3, #4 To suit various-sized recesses in heads of fasteners Shop Tools and Techniques

Torx Screwdrivers  shaped tip for use with Torx-type recessed screw heads Manufactured in assorted sizes To suit various-sized recesses in heads of fasteners Shop Tools and Techniques

Square Head Screwdrivers
Tip for use with Square-type screw heads Manufactured in assorted sizes To suit various-sized recesses in heads of fasteners Shop Tools and Techniques

Star Head Screwdrivers
Star shaped tip for use with Star-type recessed screw heads Manufactured in assorted sizes To suit various-sized recesses in heads of fasteners Shop Tools and Techniques

Allen Head Screwdrivers
Tip for use with Allen-type screw heads Manufactured in assorted sizes Shop Tools and Techniques

Care of a Screwdriver Choose correct size of screwdriver for job Too small, both screw recess and tip of screwdriver may become damaged Do not use screwdriver as pry bar, chisel, or wedge If tip or handle breaks or wears out, replace the screwdriver Shop Tools and Techniques

Wrenches Many types used in machine shop work Each suited for specific purpose Name derived from use, shape, or construction Most available in both inch and metric measuring systems Shop Tools and Techniques

Open-End Wrenches Single-ended or double-ended Openings usually offset at 15º angle Permits turning nut or bolt head in limited spaces by "flopping" wrench Double-ended have different-size opening at each end Shop Tools and Techniques

Box-End Wrenches Completely surround nut and useful in close quarters where only small rotation of nut can be obtained at one time Box end has 4, 6, or 12 precisely cut notches around inside face Notches fit closely over points on outside of nut Have different sizes at each end Shop Tools and Techniques

Combination Wrenches Box end at one end Open end at other May have socket attached as one end Wide variety available Shop Tools and Techniques

Line Wrenches Also referred to as Flared nut wrenches Six point construction One section of wrench head removed to enable the head to encircle a flared nut with a line or tube running through it. Shop Tools and Techniques

Spud Wrenches Similar to box or open end wrenches Only one end has a wrench head Other end used as an alignment tool Shop Tools and Techniques

Striking End Wrenches Box or open end wrenches Only one end has a wrench head Other end used as an striking surface Shop Tools and Techniques

Torque Wrenches Specialized wrenches for tightening nuts and bolts to specifications Beam Type Dial Type Digital Type Clicker Type Shop Tools and Techniques

Torque Wrenches Beam Types Shop Tools and Techniques

Torque Wrenches Dial Type Shop Tools and Techniques

Torque Wrenches Digital Type Shop Tools and Techniques

Torque Wrenches Clicker Types Shop Tools and Techniques

Torque Wrenches 3/8” Drive will measure inchpounds 3/8” Drive will measure footpounds 1/2” Drive will measure footpounds Shop Tools and Techniques

Torque Wrenches Clicker Type Shop Tools and Techniques

Sockets Size of Drives ¼ inch Light duty ⅜ drive General purpose ½ inch drive General Purpose ¾ inch drive and above Industrial Applications Shop Tools and Techniques

Sockets Six Point Eight Point Twelve Point Shop Tools and Techniques

Sockets Regular General purpose Impact Heavy duty Industrial Shop Tools and Techniques

Socket Accessories Universal Joints Various Adapters Shop Tools and Techniques

Sockets Torx Head Internal Specialty Hex Head Torx Head External Flare Nut Crow’s Foot Shop Tools and Techniques

Socket Drivers Rachets Shop Tools and Techniques

Sockets Adjuncts Extensions Shop Tools and Techniques

Socket Accessories Speeder Bar Breaker Bar Breaker Bar Shop Tools and Techniques

Adjustable Wrenches May be adjusted to within certain range to fit several sizes of nuts or bolt heads Useful for odd-size nuts or when proper size not available Can slip when not properly adjusted to flats of nut Shop Tools and Techniques

Pipe Wrenches Made of Cast Iron, Aluminum, or Beryllium/Copper Used to loosen or tighten pipe connections 6” to 48” Shop Tools and Techniques

Allen Setscrew Wrenches
Commonly called hex keys Hexagonal fits into recesses of socket head setscrews and capscrews Shop Tools and Techniques

Allen Setscrew Wrenches
Shop Tools and Techniques

Pin Spanner Wrenches Specialized wrenches supplied by machine tool manufacturer for use on specific machines Supplied in various sizes Shop Tools and Techniques

Pin Spanner Wrenches Fixed-face spanners position in two fixed location holes on face of special nut or threaded fitting on machine Shop Tools and Techniques

Pin Spanner Wrenches Adjustable-face spanners adjust to various positions of two holes on face of special nut or threaded fitting on machine Shop Tools and Techniques

Pin Spanner Wrenches Hook-pin spanner used on circumference of round nut Pin of spanner fits into hole in periphery of nut Shop Tools and Techniques

Strap Wrenches Specialized wrenches for use on pipe or large tubing Supplied in various sizes Shop Tools and Techniques

Chain Wrenches Specialized wrenches for use on pipe or large tubing Supplied in various sizes Similar to the Strap wrenches Shop Tools and Techniques

Hints on Using Wrenches
Always select wrench that fits nut or bolt properly Don’t use inch on metric or vice versa Pull rather than push on wrench Always be sure nut is fully seated in wrench jaw Misalignment will cause slippage Use wrench in same plane as nut or bolt head Shop Tools and Techniques

Pliers Useful for gripping and holding small parts for certain machining operations or when assembling parts Many types and sizes Names by shape, function or construction Shop Tools and Techniques

Types of Pliers Combination or slip-joint pliers Adjustable to grip both large and small work Grip work when small holes must be drilled or for bending or twisting light, thin materials Shop Tools and Techniques

Types of Pliers Side-cutting pliers Used mainly for cutting, gripping, and bending of small diameter (1/8 in. or less) rods or wires Shop Tools and Techniques

Types of Pliers Channel-Locks Available in variety of sizes Useful for holding just about anything, loosening and tightening about anything, and about anything else you can think of. Shop Tools and Techniques

Types of Pliers Needle-nose pliers Available in both straight- and bent-nose types Useful for holding very small parts, positioning them in hard-to-get-at places and bending wire Shop Tools and Techniques

Types of Pliers Snap Ring pliers External Type shown Used to remove or install external snap rings Shop Tools and Techniques

Types of Pliers Snap Ring pliers Internal Type shown Used to remove or install internal snap rings. Shop Tools and Techniques

Types of Pliers Vise-grip pliers Extremely high gripping power because of adjustable lever action Many different styles standard jaws, needle jaws and C-clamp jaws Shop Tools and Techniques

Hints on Using Pliers Never use pliers instead of wrench Never attempt to cut large-diameter or heat-treated material with pliers Always keep pliers clean and lubricated Shop Tools and Techniques

Noncutting Cutting Shop Tools and Techniques

Cutting Include saws, grinders, files, and etc. Used to separate, part, trim, or divide parts Shop Tools and Techniques

Sawing, Filing and Scraping
Often necessary to perform certain metal-cutting operations at bench or on job Common tools Hacksaws Files Scrapers Shop Tools and Techniques

Pistol-Grip Hand Hacksaw
Solid frame rigid and will accommodate blades of one specific length Adjustable frame more common and will take blades from 10 to 12 in. long Wing nut provides adjustment Shop Tools and Techniques

Hacksaw Blades High-Carbon Steel Blades Short lasting Blades relatively soft Blade wears quickly Inexpensive High-Speed Molybdenum or Tungsten-alloy Steel Blades Long lasting Blades with hardened and tempered teeth Shop Tools and Techniques

Hacksaw Blades Two types Solid blade (all-hard) Hardened throughout and very brittle Flexible blade Teeth hardened, while back of blade soft and flexible Stand more abuse than all-hard blade, but will not last long in general use Used on channel iron, tubing, copper and aluminum Shop Tools and Techniques

Blade Pitch Number of teeth per inch Manufactured in various pitches 14, 18, 24, and 32 General use choice – 18 in. tooth blade Choose as coarse blade as possible Provides plenty of chip clearance and to cut through work as quickly as possible Should have at least two teeth in contact with work at all times Prevent work from jamming and stripping teeth Shop Tools and Techniques

Guide for Proper Blade Selection

. Shop Tools and Techniques

Files Hand cutting tool made of high-carbon steel Series of teeth cut on body by parallel chisel cuts Used to remove surplus metal and to produce finished surfaces Manufactured in variety of types and shapes Two classes: single-cut and double-cut Shop Tools and Techniques

Single-cut Files Single row of parallel teeth running diagonally across face Used when smooth finish desired Include mill, long-angle lathe, and saw files Shop Tools and Techniques

Double-cut Files Two intersecting rows of teeth First row coarser and called overcut Second row called upcut Hundreds of cutting teeth Provides for fast removal of metals and easy clearing of chips Shop Tools and Techniques

Degrees of Coarseness Both single- and double-cut files come in various degrees of coarseness Rough Coarse Bastard Second-cut Smooth Dead smooth Most Common Shop Tools and Techniques

Machinist Files Types most commonly used in shop Flat Hand Round Half-round Square Pillar Three-quarter Warding Knife Shop Tools and Techniques

Cross-sectional Views of Shop Files

Care of Files Do not store files where they rub together Don’t throw into drawer with other files Never use file as pry of hammer Do not knock file on vise or other metallic object to clean it Use brush or file card Apply pressure only on forward stroke Shop Tools and Techniques

Care of Files Do not press too hard on new file Too much pressure also results in "pinning" which scratches work surface Small particles get wedged between teeth of file and clog it up Shop Tools and Techniques

Rotary Files Teeth cut and form broken lines Dissipate heat of friction Useful for work on tough die steels, forgings, and scaly surfaces Shop Tools and Techniques

Ground Burrs Teeth uniform in tooth shape and size Unbroken flutes Flutes machine ground to master burr to ensure uniformity of tooth shape and size May be made of high-speed steel or carbide Carbide last up to 100 times longer Shop Tools and Techniques

Hand Tools Session 9.

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