1. FALs and MDC

2. Before the Collaborative Activity: Meet as a grade level to collaboratively plan in advance the administration of the pre- assessment As a grade level, discuss the connections between the content standards and SMP and what students should know and be expected to demonstrate during the FAL

3. Before the Collaborative Activity (con’t): Materials ready – having students cut-out the day of the collaborative activity takes too much time Actually administer the pre-assessment Groups based on pre-assessment not convenience Development of feedback questions based on actual misconceptions on pre-test

4. Before the Collaborative Activity (con’t): Work the task and anticipate areas of misconceptions and strengths before implementing the collaborative activity Reference the standards but do not pre-teach the actual collaborative activity or go over the pre-assessment Establish and review rules of collaboration

5. Pre-Assessment 2/3 into the unit 10 to 15 minutes the day(s) before the collaborative activity No prior teaching or “helping” students Recommended to complete in pen Meet with other grade level teachers to determine trends in conceptual misunderstanding; develop feedback questions based on results of pre-assessment

6. Pre-Assessment Complete the Pre-Assessment individually (5 minutes) http://www.online-stopwatch.com/full- screen-online- countdown/?ns=../../s/7.mp3&nslen=1&cou ntdown=00:05:00 http://www.online-stopwatch.com/full- screen-online- countdown/?ns=../../s/7.mp3&nslen=1&cou ntdown=00:05:00

7. Lesson Feedback Questions Collaboratively developed based on trends from the Pre-Assessment results Should apply to misconceptions or information they previously did not have Should be written in the language of the standards

8. Feedback Questions (con’t) Should connect the concepts and learning goals from the Collaborative Activity to the Feedback Question Sample questions are included for each FAL Questions must come from student work

9. Feedback Questions (con’t) Questions must be answerable; if you can’t answer don’t list Questions must be directly related to conceptual (mis)understanding Not too many Students should individually complete and a class discussion or individual mini- conferences should follow

10. Feedback Questions Develop feedback questions (3 minutes) http://www.online-stopwatch.com/full- screen-online- countdown/?ns=../../s/2.mp3&nslen=1&cou ntdown=00:03:00 http://www.online-stopwatch.com/full- screen-online- countdown/?ns=../../s/2.mp3&nslen=1&cou ntdown=00:03:00

11. Feedback Questions

12. Lesson Introduction Whole Class Discussion

13. Lines and Linear EquationsProjector Resources Flowing Liquid P-13

14. Lines and Linear EquationsProjector Resources Flowing Liquid P-14

15. Lines and Linear EquationsProjector Resources Liquid flowing out of the top prism 1 P-15

16. Lines and Linear EquationsProjector Resources Liquid flowing out of the top prism 2 P-16

17. Lines and Linear EquationsProjector Resources Liquid flowing out of the top prism 3 P-17

18. Lines and Linear EquationsProjector Resources Liquid flowing out of the top prism 4 P-18

19. Lines and Linear EquationsProjector Resources Liquid flowing out of the top prism 5 P-19

20. Lines and Linear EquationsProjector Resources Liquid flowing out of the top prism 6 P-20

21. Lesson Introduction Whole class discussion: introduce the lesson but do not explicitly teach or answer questions related to the Pre-Assessment ask guiding questions of individual students and the class as a whole to ensure students understand the context of the problem projector resources are included to guide this process

22. Frame the collaborative activity Lesson Introduction

23. Lines and Linear EquationsProjector Resources Working Together P-23 1.The graphs represent the flow of a liquid either out of the top prism or into the bottom prism of the container. 2.Take it in turns to match two cards that represent the movement of water in the same container. 3.Place the cards next to each other, not on top, so that everyone can see. 4.When you match two cards, explain how you came to your decision. 5.Your partner should either explain that reasoning again in his or her own words, or challenge the reasons you gave. 6.Some graphs are missing information, such as a scale along an axis. You will need to add this scale. You both need to be able to agree on and explain the match of every card.

24. Lines and Linear EquationsProjector Resources Graphs P-24

25. Lesson Introduction (con’t) Framing the collaborative activity: explain the directions consider modeling the collaborative process of taking turns, justifying ideas, and explaining the reasoning behind a specific rationale give students one minute to read and process the task before beginning the activity

26. Collaborative Activity Complete the collaborative activity.

27. Lines and Linear EquationsProjector Resources Working Together P-27 1.The graphs represent the flow of a liquid either out of the top prism or into the bottom prism of the container. 2.Take it in turns to match two cards that represent the movement of water in the same container. 3.Place the cards next to each other, not on top, so that everyone can see. 4.When you match two cards, explain how you came to your decision. 5.Your partner should either explain that reasoning again in his or her own words, or challenge the reasons you gave. 6.Some graphs are missing information, such as a scale along an axis. You will need to add this scale. You both need to be able to agree on and explain the match of every card.

28. Lines and Linear EquationsProjector Resources Sharing Work P-28 1.If you are staying at your desk, be ready to explain the reasons for your group’s graph matches. 2.If you are visiting another group, copy your matches onto a piece of paper. 3.Go to another group’s desk and check to see which matches are different from your own. If there are differences, ask for an explanation. If you still don’t agree, explain your own thinking. 4.When you return to your own desk, you need to consider as a group whether to make any changes to your own work.

29. Collaborative Activity usually completed in homogenous pairs based on Pre-Assessment results teacher facilitates throughout the activity and creates experts to share their work with struggling students hands-on learning; do not rely on lecture or paper/pencil computations only Ok for students to grapple with the work but do not let it lead to frustration or shutting down … constantly monitor groups!

30. Collaborative Activity (con’t) try not to make specific suggestions that move students toward a specific solution; rather ask questions to help students reason together the purpose of this structured group work is to ensure students engage with each other’s explanations and take responsibility for each other’s understanding

31. Plenary Discussion scribe student’s name and his/her response elicit response that go beyond answers; look for conceptual understanding or misunderstandings, justifications, or thought organizations

32. Plenary Discussion use high order thinking strategies to allow students to “think outside the box” students should be encouraged to expound on previous responses monitor and mini-conference with individual groups and students as needed

33. Post-Assessment same or very similar to Pre-Assessment; clean copy also give students back their individual Pre- Assessments do not grade; do go over for growth and gains in understanding

34. Post-Assessment make sure they do not merely copy from their Pre- Assessments they are allowed to use their notes, etc… from the Collaborative Activity and Feedback responses should also address: what did you learn; how did you feel; what could the teacher have done differently

35. Post-Assessment Class Analysis Worksheet

36. Lessons Learned

38. During the Collaborative Activity: Frame the collaborative activity – explicitly tell the students what and why Utilize a timer – benefits both you and the students Do not use as a teaching opportunity, rather guided discovery Group size – pairs work best If several groups are experiencing the same dilemma, bring together as a whole group to discuss Create experts to assist other groups

39. During the Collaborative Activity (con’t): Encourage and model correct usage of the vocabulary of the standards Always prompt with leading questions, not right or wrong answers Utilize actual student work, both correct and incorrect ; but do so in a non-threatening manner If time runs out, make sure to bring back together for closing – not just “we’ll pick up here tomorrow”

40. After the Collaborative Activity: Don’t give post-assessment without having plenary discussion Plenary discussion usually gets omitted; this is a vital component of clarifying student misconceptions Post and reference feedback questions Involve students and script their responses Let them “see” their growth Collaboratively meet as a grade level to discuss areas of concern and success

41. Five Strategies of Formative Assessment Clarifying and sharing learning intentions and criteria for success: basically letting the students in on what’s going on Engineering effective discussions, questions, activities, and tasks that elicit evidence of learning Providing feedback that moves students forward Activating students as instructional resources for one another Activating students as owners of their own learning