2. Brainstorming Choose a topic

3. Symbols/images?

4. Beloved Tree 124 Color red…colors Stinky roses Snow Tin box Shadows heart

5. Symbols/themes Color Footsteps Chain holding prisoners together House 123 The tree on Sethe ’ s back red light Beloved Heart Tinbox Past ’ s effect on present Dehumanization What it means to be free Ownership Motherhood Memory/rememory Race and racism Community/family/individu al

6. Can you make a connection between themes and symbols? Color Footsteps Chain holding prisoners together House 123 The tree on Sethe’s back red light Beloved Heart Tinbox Past ’ s effect on present Dehumanization What it means to be free Ownership Motherhood Memory/rememory Race and racism Community/family/individu al

7. theme

8. What is the connection between the boxes? Theme Of_____

9. What is the connection between the boxes? Theme Of_____ Morrison uses ______,_______,_____ To reveal__________ Don’t worry about full thesis statement until you have written more

10. Other topics Choose one of the other topics Write down three supporting ideas that offer some support 1. 2. 3. If you only come up with one or two for now that is fine.

11. Choose one of those supporting ideas and free write for 7 minutes 1. What comes to mind? 2. Look in your book for section that seems related and use that to elicit some thoughts 3 Stop 4. Read through your free writing and highlight or circle whatever seems like a solid idea. (throw the rest out later)

12. Let’s try it with one more subject (what the heck?) Free write for 7 minutes 1. What comes to mind? 2. Look in your book for section that seems related and use that to elicit some thoughts 3 Stop 4. Read through your free writing and highlight or circle whatever seems like a solid idea. (throw the rest out later) Or, keep writing on first topic if it feels right. But move to your 2nd idea

13. Agenda Introductions and Thesis statements – Sample intro – Return quiz Friday full draft of essay including conclusion Bring in two copies for peer edit Final paper due Next Monday, March 2

14. Introduction Begin with name and work Brief 1-2 summary- Narrow down to 3 previews of supporting idea Followed by thesis. 1. The characters__________, ___________, and _________demonstrate the varying effects of slavery and the slow, but inevitable need to leave the past behind in order to embrace the future. 2. Morrison uses ___________. ___________and _____________to reveal that the past must blah blah blah.

15. Working formulas 1 although most readers of _______ have argued that _______, closer examination shows that _______. 2 _______ uses _______ and _____ to prove that ________.

16. A thesis statement should be specific and make a clear, definable and arguable claim. Go deeper than the prompt: – What is Morrison saying about the topic? – How are symbols used to reveal theme? – Can slavery be overcome? – Why is community important? – Can dehumanization can only be overcome through love?

17. Remember A thesis statement should be specific and make a clear, definable and arguable claim.

18. Is my thesis statement specific enough? Thesis statements that are too vague often do not have a strong argument. Does my thesis pass the “So what?” test? If a reader’s first response is, “So what?” then you need to clarify, to forge a relationship, or to connect to a larger issue. Does my thesis pass the “how and why?” test? If a reader’s first response is “how?” or “why?” your thesis may be too open-ended and lack guidance for the reader..

19. example Mark Twain’s Huckleberry Finn is a great novel. In Huckleberry Finn, Mark Twain develops a contrast between life on the river and life on the shore.American novel. Through its contrasting river and shore scenes, Twain’s Huckleberry Finn suggests that to find the true expression of American democratic ideals, one must leave “civilized” society and go back to nature.

20. And remember to keep the rest of your paper in mind at all times. Sometimes your thesis needs to evolve as you develop new insights, find new evidence, or take a different approach to your topic.

21. Introduction Hook Name of author and title of work Brief 1-2 summary- Narrow down to 3 previews of supporting idea Followed by thesis. 1. The characters__________, ___________, and _________demonstrate the varying effects of slavery and the slow, but inevitable need to leave the past behind in order to embrace the future. 2. Morrison uses ___________. ___________and _____________to reveal that the past must blah blah blah.

22. Every topic sentence… Should relate to your thesis Serve as proof to your thesis

23. Remember Do not "retell" the work of literature in any way. be the interpreter of the work—to tell what certain elements of the work mean in relation to your central idea (thesis). When you make references to the text you are doing so to remind your audience of something they already know. The main job of your essay is to draw conclusions and develop arguments. avoid plot summary and cliches like the plague

24. The four elements of a good paragraph A Topic sentence that tells the reader what you will be discussing in the paragraph. A Transition sentence leading in from a previous paragraph to assure smooth reading. This acts as a hand off from one idea to the next. Specific Evidence. And Commentary that supports one of your claims and that provides a deeper level of detail than your topic sentence A Brief wrap-up sentence that tells the reader how and why this information supports the paper’s thesis. The brief wrap-up important to your argument because it connects your reasoning and support to your thesis, and it shows that the information in the paragraph is related to your thesis and helps defend it.

25. First Paragraph Read the topic sentence Is it introducing the main idea of the paragraph, or is it summarizing a part of the story? Make it evaluative. IF possible use a lit device. Does the topic sentence correspond with the first supporting idea mentioned in your working thesis?

26. First Quote First quote: Is context provided? – After sleeping with Beloved, Paul D makes an attempt to confess to Seth that he is “not man enough to break out” of Beloved’s spell. – Is it introduced with colon or comma or embedded into sentence? is speaker identified? – Before quote! Page number? Period after final parenthesis? Does commentary follow your support? Do you explain how the quote relates to the topic sentence?

27. Have you said everything about this quote or example? What more can you say? – Why doesn’t he feel like a man? Why is your first ex important? What does it prove? How does it relate to thesis? – What else does it relate to? (She moved him) He has no control, no choice, and it reminds him of being a slave. – Transition to next example….

28. In addition, Also, Another, (for related ideas) Is a transition used to introduce your next supporting detail? However, on the other hand, (for different ideas)

29. Introduce you next piece of evidence Do you have a quote to support it? Is it introduced correctly? Context? COMMENTARY?! Have you given more than one sentence in commentary? GO DEEPER

30. Does the paragraph end with commentary? Does it relate to topic sentence or Thesis?

31. Wrap up sentence in paragraph Should also relate back to thesis and move towards your next example Or the topic sentence. Remind the reader why you wrote this paragraph.

32. Wrap up sentence example WHY DO WE CARE??? Paul D.s inability to move himself and make his own decisions is a direct result of being stripped of his humanity and feeling too ashamed to be honest with Sethe.

33. Are you done yet? Read your paragraph again silently. is there coherence? (Are the sentences related to each other). If you find one that jars you away from previous thought, mark it and insert transitional phrase later. Do you think you have given enough analysis? Add one more thought to explore later. (you may or may not use it.) Is there too much summary in any of the paragraph? Replace it with analysis.

34. DID YOU TRANSITION YET? OH…no you haven’t, because you don’t know what the second paragraph will be about. WHAT WOULD WORK HERE? pride? ( no) motherhood? ( well…not really – Shame? Ah the shame he felt as a slave

35. Second Paragraph Is there a smooth transition between the first paragraph and the second? 2. If not, ask yourself what the connection is between the two paragraphs and find a way to ease from one to the other. Think of your thesis as the thread tying the paragraphs together. Does that help?

36. 2 nd paragraph Sup. Idea 2 1. topic sentence (new idea to support thesis) 2. Introduce first example #1 – Quote? Commentary? Transition to … EX 2 – Quote – Commentary WRAP UP? Connect back to thesis/t.s

37. Review – Go find more notes, evidence, quotes evaluate, You will probably generate more evidence than you can use. One way to decide which evidence to take and which to leave is to limit your choices to the best, most illustrative examples you can find. Focus on how the devices are used to develop major characters, major themes, and major turning points in the work.

38. In the short story “Second Variety” by Philip Dick, the earth has become a post apocalyptic world filled with grey ash, dead trees and “the ruins of buildings that look like yellowing skulls” (23). Claws, man made devices created to seek out and destroy lingering enemy soldiers, now rule the inhospitable surface. Just as the military weapons destroyed the environment, so do the claws now threaten what is left of mankind. Philip Dick’s story serves as a warning against military technology. We see how technological devices can become sentient. This in turn leads the claws to fight for independence from human control. Furthermore, and more unsettling of all, is the idea the technological devices we build to protect us, become our own instruments of annihilation. As a parable, Dick’s story warns us that military technology can take on a life of its own, evade control, and eventually destroy all humankind.

39. In the short story “Second Variety” by Philip Dick, the earth has become a post apocalyptic world filled with grey ash, dead trees and “the ruins of buildings that look like yellowing skulls” (23). Claws, man made devices created to seek out and destroy lingering enemy soldiers, now rule the inhospitable surface. Just as the military weapons destroyed the environment, so do the claws now threaten what is left of mankind. Philip Dick’s story serves as a warning against military technology. We see how technological devices can become sentient. This in turn leads the claws to fight for independence from human control. Furthermore, and more unsettling of all, is the idea the technological devices we build to protect us, become our own instruments of annihilation. As a parable, Dick’s story warns us that military technology can take on a life of its own, evade control, and eventually destroy all humankind.

40. In the short story “Second Variety” by Philip Dick, the earth has become a post apocalyptic world filled with grey ash, dead trees and “the ruins of buildings that look like yellowing skulls” (23). Claws, man made devices created to seek out and destroy lingering enemy soldiers, now rule the inhospitable surface. Just as the military weapons destroyed the environment, so do the claws now threaten what is left of mankind. Philip Dick’s story serves as a warning against military technology. We see how technological devices can become sentient. This in turn leads the claws to fight for independence from human control. Furthermore, and more unsettling of all, is the idea the technological devices we build to protect us, become our own instruments of annihilation. As a parable, Dick’s story warns us that military technology can take on a life of its own, evade control, and eventually destroy all humankind.

41. In the short story “Second Variety” by Philip Dick, the earth has become a post apocalyptic world filled with grey ash, dead trees and “the ruins of buildings that look like yellowing skulls” (23). Claws, man made devices created to seek out and destroy lingering enemy soldiers, now rule the inhospitable surface. Just as the military weapons destroyed the environment, so do the claws now threaten what is left of mankind. Philip Dick’s story serves as a warning against military technology. We see how technological devices can become sentient. This in turn leads the claws to fight for independence from human control. Furthermore, and more unsettling of all, is the idea the technological devices we build to protect us, become our own instruments of annihilation. As a parable, Dick’s story warns us that military technology can take on a life of its own, evade control, and eventually destroy all humankind.

42. Papers due on Wednesday 1 day grace period (Thursday) Need to turn papers into Turnitin.com – You already did this with The Scarlet Letter essay – If you don’t turn it in to turnitin…you will not receive credit for paper. – Bring TO THE LIGHTHOUSE ON WEDNESDAY

43. Conclusions Review main points (summary should be brief- a sentence for each point)-and phrased in different words than Intro) Explain what has been learned or proven. (We learn…) Conclude by setting your discussion into a different, perhaps larger, context.

44. Proof Marks Awk=awkward Circle any ghost quotes Put 3 lines under a word that should be capitalized Slash a capital letter that should be lowercase ¶= new paragraph ⌃ insert ✓ good/ well done ?= unclear idea Dev= dev. more

45. Peer edit groups H. 1 Nicole Audra Sai Kyra Rodrigo Adriana Sopie Madeline Danny Laura Gus rEic Alexis Karl-Lars Maggie Steve Ali Karl Sydney Katie George Anika(floater)

46. Peereditgroupshr. 2 Grant Catherine Betsy DeAudrey Maya Helena Dulce Zoe Ingrid Chris Tressa Erick N. Jenny Madeline Evan Elli Romae Eden Amirjon Savanna Will Annie Julia Erik P. Andria Vienna Robin Stan Beret Sara

47. Hr. 6 peer edit groups Charlie Austin Bailey Leah Thorn. Gabe Cece Emmett Leah Til. Michael Patrick Ben C. Sowda Becky Kali Genny Roger Fiona David Sam Nick Imani Xavi Madeline Ben K