1. Cell Parts ORGANELLES WITHIN THE CYTOPLASM

2. Cytoplasm Structure  Composed of water, salts and organic molecules  Cytosol Function  Site where most cellular activities are done LOCATION: Region of cell inside Plasma membrane and surrounds organelles

3. CELL MEMBRANE

4. PLASMA MEMBRANE (CELL MEMBRANE) STRUCTURE  Made of a phospholipid bilayer  Contains cholesterol  Contain many different proteins with different functions FUNCTION “GATEKEEPER”  Allows only certain molecules to enter and exit the cell  Separates the inside of the cell from its environment  The cell is selectively permeable

5. FLUID MOSAIC MODEL  Phospholipid bilayer acts like a fluid  The lipids and proteins can move laterally within the bilayer  Mosaic- pattern is constantly changing

6. MITOCHONDRIA “POWER HOUSE OF THE CELL”

7. MITOCHONDRIA STRUCTURE  Two phospholipid bilayers  Outer membrane- separates the mitochondria from the cytoplasm  Inner membrane – Contains many folds called cristae  Have their own mitochondrial DNA FUNCTION  Convert organic molecules into energy for the cell in the form of ATP  Cristae contains proteins that carry out “Cellular Respiration”  Can only reproduce by division of preexisting mitochondria

8. RIBOSOMES “MAKE PROTEINS”

9. RIBOSOMES STRUCTURE  Small Spherical organelles and are not bound by membranes  Made of protein and ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecules  Made of two subunits (partially assembled in nucleolus) FUNCTION  Synthesize (Make) Proteins LOCATION: Can float freely in the cytosol or can be attached to ER

10. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM “Intracellular Highway”

11. Rough ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER) STRUCTURE  Membranous tubes and sacs called cisternae  *Contain Ribosomes FUNCTION  Intracellular highway (a path in which molecules move around the cell)  Makes phospholipids for membranes inside the cell  Produces proteins made for export like digestive enzymes or antibodies  Exported in Vesicles

12. Smooth ER Structure  Membranous tubes and sacs called cisternae  *DO NOT Contain Ribosomes Function  Intracellular highway  Build Lipids such as Cholesterol

13. SMOOTH VS ROUGH Smooth ER  Found in the ovaries and Testes  -Skeletal and heart muscles  -Liver and Kidney Cells Rough ER  Found in cells that produce proteins for export: Lymph nodes, Intestines, etc)

14. GOLGI APPARATUS “Mail Room”

15. Golgi Apparatus “Processing, packaging and labeling” STRUCTURE  Flattened membranous sacs FUNCTION  Receive vesicles from the ER containing newly made proteins or lipids  Modify proteins and Lipids  Give them Labels  Send them around the cell or out of the cell in a vesicle

16. VESICLES “PACKAGE” STRUCTURES  Small Spherically shaped sac surrounded by one membrane FUNCTION Many different roles within the cell 1. Surround proteins and lipids and move them around the cell 2. Often Attach to Cell membrane and release substances from the cell

17. DIFFERENT TYPES OF VESICLES

18. LYSOSOMES “Garbage Men”

19. LYSOSOMES STRUCTURE  Small Spherically shaped sac surrounded by one membrane  Bud from the Golgi Apparatus FUNCTION  Contain digestive enzymes  Break down worn out cells, cell parts and organelles  In the liver they break down glycogen  WBC’s break down bacteria

20. Perioxisomes STRUCTURE  Small spherically shaped sac surrounded by one membrane FUNCTION  Produce hydrogen peroxide when breaking down bacteria and alcohol  Also break down fatty acids  Abundant in liver and kidney cells

21. Other Vesicles  Contractile Vacuoles- can contract and dispose of excess water  Glyoxysomes-Found in the seeds of some plants- Break down stored fats  Endosomes – engulf foreign particles  Food Vacuoles- store nutrients for the cell