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General Pathology Basic Principles of Cellular and Organ Pathology Inflammation - III Jaroslava Dušková Inst. Pathol.,1st Med. Faculty, Charles Univ. Prague http://www1.lf1.cuni.cz/~jdusk/
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Inflammation Definition: complex reaction of organism to damage (aim: homeostasis maintenance)
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Inflammation Sense defensive – agent elimination reparative – damage reparation
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Inflammation - Classification: Time view v acute v subacute v chronic
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Inflammation - Classification: According to the dominant phase: v alterative v EXSUDATIVE v proliferative
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Inflammation - Classification: According to the dominant phase: v alterative v exsudative v PROLIFERATIVE
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Inflammation - Classification: Type of granulation tissue: v nonspecific v „specific“ GRANULOMATOUS
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Granuloma Def.: Accumulation of macrophages transformed into epithelioid and multinucleated giant cells
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infected macrophage activated macrophage intracellular parasites mature Th clone creation cytokins & bactericid subst. secretion interferon γ interferon receptor Macrophage activation
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Granuloma - composition u MACROPHAGES u lymphocytes u fibrous deposits of collagen u central necrosis
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Granuloma - development u fibrosis u hyalinosis u dystrophic calcification u progressive necrosis u cavity formation u spread with generalisation or metastatic foci
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Granulomatous Inflammatory Diseases 1. v TUBERCULOSIS v sarcoidosis v syphilis v leprosy v Lyme borreliosis v inf. scleroma (rhinoscleroma)
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Granulomatous Inflammatory Diseases 2. v lymphogranuloma venereum (inguinale) v anthropozoonoses : brucelosis, listeriosis, tularemia,….. v cat scratch disease (Afipia felis) v mycoses: histoplasmosis, coccidiodomycosis… v parasites: leishmaniasis, schistosomiasis, toxoplasmosis… v large antigen antibody complexes: rheumatoid arthritis
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TUBERCULOSIS Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Koch 1882) Mycobacterium bovis acidoresistance M. avium,intracellulare, Kansasii atypical mycobacterioses
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TUBERCULOSIS u killing 30% patients with AIDS u killing 2–3 mill. people per year u next 10 years : v 90 millions infected v 30 millions deaths u dev. countries - 26% preventable deaths
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TUBERCULOSIS u countries with combined therapy – deaths lowered by70% u death rate in Europe lowered to 1/10 12,5 / 100 000 u Asia 40x more 500 / 100 000 u 95% patients unable to pay for therapy
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TUBERCULOSIS u portae invasionis – respiratory tract – gastrointestinal tract – skin u types of disease (clinicoepidemiol. view) v open tbc v closed
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TUBERCULOSIS Type of infection v childhood (primary, preimmune) v adult (postprimary, immune)
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TUBERCULOSIS Morphological features u primary infect (Ghon focus) & primary complex u caseification u isolated organ metastasis u tubercle, exsudate, cavity u early and late generalisation – milliary spread
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TUBERCULOSIS Type of infection v childhood (primary, preimmune) v adult (postprimary, immune)
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TUBERCULOSIS Terms –Forms– Locations : u phtisis gallopans u scrofulosis u meningitis basillaris u lupus vulgaris u mallum Potti, cold absces
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SARCOIDOSIS etiology ????? Pathogenesis: v changed T h and T s ratio v modified immune reaction
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SARCOIDOSIS m. Besnier–Boeck–Schaumann u morphology similar to tbc (and important dif. dg.) u forms : v localised v generalised
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Syphilis Treponema pallidum (F.Schaudin 1905) argyrophilia Syphilis acquisita Syphilis congenita
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Syphilis acquisita Stages (1) : I. ulcus durum + bubo indolens II. exanthema syphiliticum, angina syphilitica, condylomata lata
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Syphilis acquisita Stages (2): III. gumma Late syphilis (quarterly, meta–) neurosyphylis paralysis progressiva tabes dorsalis panaortitis syphilitica
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Syphilis congenita Forms: v fetus maceratus (hepatosplenomegalia) v hepatitis pericellularis pericholangitis syphilitica, v pancreatitis v pneumonia alba v pseudogummata v osteochondritis et periostitis syphilitica v coryza et exanthema syphiliticum
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Syphilis congenita tarda Trias Hutchinsoni: v keratitis parenchymatosa v labyrinthitis v Hutchinson´s teath v gummata v periostitis syphilitica tibiae v paralysis progressiva infantilis, iuvenilis v panaortitis syphilitica
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LEPROSY u 700 000 new cases/year u more than 10 mil. cases in the world u mostly warm climates u related to living conditions u zoonosis - armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus) primates, cultivation on a nude mice CURABLE !!!! (combination of antibiotics)
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LEPROSY Mycobacterium leprae (Hanseni) 1873 Port of entry respiratory tract Intracellular parasitism macrophages, later Schwann cells Reduced genom (comparing to Mycobacterium tbc)
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LEPROSY Classification: v lepromatous (in nonimmune. Virchow lepra cell) v tuberculoid (granulomatous, immune patients) v indeterminate (early stage) v borderline (combined)
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Rhinoscleroma –infectious scleroma u Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis u chronic granulomatose inflammation u Mikulicz cells – macrophages u scaring u curable - antibiotics
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