1. 1 R Adm Bernhard H. Teuteberg Chief Director Maritime Strategy Chief Director Maritime Strategy South African Navy South African Navy

2. 2 The aim of this presentation is to provide a personal perspective of the potential of multi purpose Offshore Patrol Vessels for Africa

3.  Introduction  Brief Analysis of Challenges  The Role of Navies and/or Coastguards  Roles and Functions (Missions) of a Multi-Purpose Offshore Patrol Vessel (OPV)  Key Design Features of an OPV  Life Cycle Management  Key Success Factors  Recommendations  Conclusion 3

4. Capacity and Capacity Building “The AUC shall encourage sub-regional mutualized efforts in the construction and equipment of standardized Offshore Patrol Vessels (OPV) and other specific naval vessels” 4 “SADC must take the lead in controlling its own maritime domain. The cornerstone of the Maritime Security Strategy is anchored by capacity building of the navies of SADC. The output must be the acquisition of inshore and offshore patrol vessels” SADC Maritime Security Strategy

5. Africa has witnessed the resurgence of the age old global problems of piracy, human trafficking and dumping of toxic waste on its coastal waters. This is further to illegal fishing which has been going on for decades unnoticed, for the most part, by poorly equipped African states. In particular, the rapid escalation of piracy activity off the coast of Somalia and the Gulf of Guinea has alarmed African states and, more so, the international community. 5

6.  Security Challenges  Terrorism, Piracy and Political Instability  Money-Laundering, Illegal Arms and Drug Trafficking  Illegal Oil Bunkering  Human Trafficking  Insufficient Enforcement Assets/Domain Awareness  Growth Challenges  Securing Inland Waterways  Insufficient/Insecure Commercial Ports  Sub-Optimal Transport Integration  Hydrography and Marine Cartography 6

7.  Environmental Challenges  Threat to Renewable and Non-Renewable Resources  Natural Disasters  Toxic Waste Disposal  Climate Change  Health Challenges  Theft of Renewable Resources  Organisational Challenges  Priorities & Resources  Visible Return on Investment  Co-operation Agreements and Legal/Jurisdiction 7

8. 8 UNCLOS 1982: Maritime Zones

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11. Patrol Vessels

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13.  Search and Rescue  Hydrography  Policing : Enforcement of State Authority at Sea:  Anti-piracy, Anti-terrorism  Anti-smuggling (narcotics, weapons, humans, etc)  Resource protection, Illegal Immigration  Pollution Control  Military:  Surveillance  Protection of Offshore Platforms  Flag Verification  Protection of Commercial Trade 13

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15. Acquisition Design & Specifications Costs/Affordability Commonality Supportability Acquisition Design & Specifications Costs/Affordability Commonality Supportability Life Cycle Management Depot Spares Maintenance Schedules Costs Life Cycle Management Depot Spares Maintenance Schedules Costs Personnel Numbers Competency Levels Training Personnel Numbers Competency Levels Training Command & Control Availability Fit for Purpose Integrated Command & Control Availability Fit for Purpose Integrated Maintenance & Repair Levels of Maintenance Obsolescence Availability Costs Maintenance & Repair Levels of Maintenance Obsolescence Availability Costs Operation Availability Costs Endurance Operation Availability Costs Endurance Operational Test & Evaluation Acceptance Operational Test & Evaluation Acceptance

16. Medical Sickbay Medical Sickbay Sensors Radar, IR, Optical, EW Sensors Radar, IR, Optical, EW Navigation WECDIS/GPS Navigation WECDIS/GPS Propulsion Speed: 20 – 25 knots Range: 6000 nm 2 MEs & CPP Propulsion Speed: 20 – 25 knots Range: 6000 nm 2 MEs & CPP Sea-Keeping RSA EEZ 3 -7 metre 10 metre Sea-Keeping RSA EEZ 3 -7 metre 10 metre Accommodation Ship’s Company: 40-60 Specialist: 36 Trainees: 20 Accommodation Ship’s Company: 40-60 Specialist: 36 Trainees: 20 Endurance 21 days Endurance 21 days Containerised Multi-Mission At Least 4 Containers Containerised Multi-Mission At Least 4 Containers Command & Control Communications Command & Control Communications Flightdeck Helicopter (medium) Flightdeck Helicopter (medium) Armament Main: 30 -40 mm Close-In Protection Armament Main: 30 -40 mm Close-In Protection Seaboats Interceptor & Seaboat Seaboats Interceptor & Seaboat

17. Acquisition Start upDisposal LIFE (YEARS) Design, Develop, Purchase Construction CASH FLOW Operation Maintenance Development Disposal Life-cycle Concepts 20% 80%

18. Acquisition Start upDisposal LIFE (YEARS) Design, Develop, Purchase Construction CASH FLOW Operation Maintenance Development Disposal Life-cycle Concepts A B

19. SerialProjected Acquisition Cost of Patrol Vessel (20%) Life Cycle Costs (80%) Average Annual Life Cycle Costs over 30 years 1$ 60 million$240 million$8 million 2$ 80 million$320 million$10.67 million 3$ 100 million$400 million$13.34 million 19

20. 20 Complexity of Naval Mission Capital Acquisition Costs Search & Rescue Protection of Marine Resources Anti-Smuggling Operations Anti-Piracy Operations Limited Combat Operations Special Operations Diplomatic Benign Policing Military Complexity of Platform

21.  Sustainable, especially when deployed, patrol capability  Network-Enabled Command and Control  Supported by Reconnaissance & MDA  Robust, reliable, simple to operate  Rapid-Reaction: availability  Hostile boarding capability  Inter-Operability  Self-Protection 21

22.  Sovereign Rights and Responsibilities  Joint Efforts  Economy of Scale  Simplicity  Sustainability  “Fit for Purpose”  Multi-Mission  Affordable  Inter-Operability 22

23. 23 Regional Joint Maritime Patrol Support Concept Support Concept Joint Training Centre/s Joint Spares Depot/s Maintenance & Repair Centres

24.  Recognise the Requirement/Threat  Horizontal and Vertical Integration of effort  Maritime Domain Awareness: “The Key”  Commonality : Joint Project Teams  Acquisition versus Operating versus Sustainment  Recognition of Sovereign Rights and Responsibilities  Pragmatic 24

25.  The enforcement of the Authority of the State at sea can only be done by Naval/Coast Guard vessels operating in our Maritime Zones  To be supported by:  Maritime Domain Awareness  Pragmatic Rules of Engagement  Judicial Systems that work  Sustainable Life Cycle Management  Co-operative Agreements  Integration of Effort 25

26. “ This presentation is dedicated to those men and women who brave the mighty sea in the legal exploration and exploitation of the oceans, to the benefit of mankind, and those who have pledged to uphold the notion of the freedom of the seas and innocent passage.

27. 27 This is Africa’s moment to leave a legacy for our “This is Africa’s moment to leave a legacy for our People and to make history ” Dr Jean Ping Chairperson of the AUC