1. 3.3 Chemical Compounds in Cells
7.1.a. Students know cells function similarly in all living organisms.

2. Elements and Compounds
Air is a mixture of elements
Key Concept: “An element is any substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances.”
Elements found in living things- carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur
An element is made up of atoms, the smallest unit of an element

3. Elements and Compounds
Key concept: “When two or more elements combine chemically, they form a compound.”
Most elements form compounds (in living things)
The smallest unit of a compound is a molecule
Carbon dioxide is a chemical compound

4. Elements and Compounds
Water is a compound
Water makes up more than 2/3 of your body
Key concept: “Most chemical reactions within cells could not take place without water.”
Water dissolves chemicals, helps cells to keep their size and shape, and keeps the temperature from changing quickly
Key concept: ”Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids are important groups of organic compounds in living things.”

5. Elements and Compounds
Inorganic Compounds- does not have the element carbon (example: water, table salt)
Organic Compounds- have carbon (example: carbon dioxide)
Key concept: “Most chemical reactions within cells could not that take place without water.”

6. Carbohydrates
Carbohydrate- an energy-rich organic compound made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
Sugars are produced during the food making process in plants
Plant cells store extra energy in starch (carbohydrates)
Examples: potatoes, pasta, rice
Key concept: “In addition to providing energy for the cell, carbohydrates are important components of some cell parts.”
The cellulose found in the cell wall is a type of carbohydrate
When you eat carbohydrates your body breaks it down into starch and sugar

7. Lipids
Lipids- energy–rich organic compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
More energy than carbohydrates
Cells store energy in lipids
Types of lipids: fats, oils, and waxes
Key concept: “In addition to their functions as an energy source, lipids also make up most of the cell membrane.”

8. Proteins
Proteins- large organic molecules made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sometimes sulfur
Protein molecules are made of amino acids.
Amino acids combine to make thousands of different proteins
A lot of the structure of cells is made of proteins
Make parts of cell membrane and many of the organelles in the cell

9. Proteins
Key concept: “The proteins known as enzymes perform important functions in the chemical reactions that take place in cells.”
Enzyme- type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in a living thing
Enzymes are needed for many chemical reactions that are needed for life, those chemical reactions either would take longer or wouldn’t happen at all if enzymes weren’t there

10. Nucleic Acids
Nucleic acids- very long organic molecules made of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, phosphorus
Key concept: “Nucleic acids contain the instructions that cells need to carry out all the functions of life.”
2 kinds of nucleic acids: DNA and RNA
DNA- (deoxyribonucleic acid) genetic material that carries information that passes from parent to child
RNA- (ribonucleic acid) a nucleic acid that is important in the production of proteins
RNA is found in the cytoplasm and the nucleus

11. Section 3: Chemical Compounds in Cells
What are elements and compounds?
How is water important to the function of cells?
What are the functions of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids?