1. Intro to Biological Oceanography ANIMAL DIVERSITY

2. Biodiversity  The term Biodiversity is used to describe the number and kinds of things living in an area.  Because there is such great biodiversity on Earth, a system is used to classify or categorize each type of organism.  We call this classification taxonomy

3. Taxonomy  A taxonomist is a scientist who classifies organisms in an ordered system that indicates natural relationships. http://creationsafaris.com/images/linnaeus.jpg

4. Taxonomy  "Do keep piling chocolate on for goodness sakes.“  Domain  Kingdom  Phylum  Class  Order  Family  Genus  Species

5. Taxonomy  Binomial Nomenclature – involves organizing an organism's scientific name into a combination of two terms.  These terms are the Genus name and the species.  Both of these terms are italicized and the genus name is also capitalized.

6. Taxonomy  Binomial Nomenclature example – Great White Shark – Genus: Carcharodon species: carcharias Scientific name = Carcharadon carcharias http://oceanlink.island.net/biodiversity/sh ark/Great-White-Shark.jpg

7. Example: Velella velella

8. Animal Diversity  Kingdom – Animalia  Divided into about 33 major groups called Phyla  Each Phylum represents a distinct body plan.  The difference between phyla is much greater than the difference between species within an individual phylum.

9. Animal Diversity  Out of all these phyla, only one is not represented in the ocean – the little velvet worm called onychphorans  By contrast 14 of them are only found in the ocean. http://animais.culturamix.com/blog/wp- content/gallery/animais-em-extincao- onychophora/animais-em-extincao-onychophora-2.jpg

10. Animal Diversity  The animal diversity in the ocean is much greater than it is on land….and….  Many new ocean species have yet to be discovered!!!

11. Animal Diversity  For example – In 1998 scientists discovered that what had previously been viewed as two species of commercially valuable deep-sea crabs was really 18 different species!! http://files.abovetopsecret.com/files/img/bt4f7530ba.jpg

12. Animal Diversity  In 2001 a 23 foot squid was discovered.  In 2003 a blood red, 2-3 foot long jelly fish with no tentacles was discovered.  These are just examples of the ocean species being discovered all the time…. Many more are yet to be documented!! http://www.google.com/imgre s?um=1&sa=X&hl=en&biw=144 1&bih=710&tbm=isch&tbnid=O Vh_iEBp_Hb7zM:&imgrefurl=htt p://thewere42.wordpress.com/ category/biology/page/24/&d ocid=MeL2XsiMNpc4pM&imgur l=http://thewere42.files.wordpr ess.com/2009/12/091211-01- blood-red- jellyfish_big.jpg%253Fw%253D60 4&w=461&h=275&ei=YZ- 4Uf6WEbjd4APeyYHYBg&zoom= 1&ved=1t:3588,r:0,s:0,i:80&iact= rc&dur=213&page=1&tbnh=17 3&tbnw=291&start=0&ndsp=17 &tx=193&ty=81

13. The Underappreciated Multitudes  Animals seem to get most of the attention when we talk about diversity, but the ocean is full of plants, algae, bacteria, and protists that often get overlooked ( the remaining 4 kingdoms ). http://images.scienceda ily.com/2008/05/0805151 45350-large.jpg http://www.energyinsig ht.info/ocean_algae_bi omass.jpg https://encrypted- tbn0.gstatic.com/images ?q=tbn:ANd9GcSQmSiEG 1ZoaYttOV_c8j0ffbzvAdqh HZZxLkMIta9FwI6nLge5Og http://1.bp.blogspot.co m/_C97NrIblNPQ/TTkTKJ 2c_sI/AAAAAAAAB4M/Y hs0P6lbQiI/s320/diatom2.jpg

14. The Underappreciated Multitudes  Microscopic primary producers (single celled algae) and other organisms capable of making their own energy are the foundation of most marine food webs.  These organisms are able to make their own energy from sunlight or chemicals.

15. The Underappreciated Multitudes  Organisms that can make their own food are called producers or autotrophs  Organisms that use sunlight to make their own food undergo the process of photosynthesis  Organisms that use chemicals to make their own food undergo the process of chemosynthesis

16. Ocean Diversity Video Clip  Click photo for video http://www.freelancerbay.com/files/users/PostArt/blogs/Se a_Ocean_N.jpg

17. References http://biology.about.com/b/2006/12/15/binomial- nomenclature.htm http://www.jostimages.com/details/sharks/index/000 15465/The-Great-White-Sharks-scientific-name-is- Carcharodon-carcharias.html

18. References Adapted from: Science 101: Ocean Science [Paperback] Jennifer Hoffman