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OR How do we identify organisms based on who they are related to, what they are made of, or what they do? TAXONOMY.

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Presentation on theme: "OR How do we identify organisms based on who they are related to, what they are made of, or what they do? TAXONOMY."— Presentation transcript:

1 OR How do we identify organisms based on who they are related to, what they are made of, or what they do? TAXONOMY

2 What does a sea moth look like?

3 DRAGON SEA MOTH

4 Taxonomy The science of classification The science of classification Taxonomy is a system of grouping organisms based on phylogeny (evolutionary relationships), biochemistry and morphology (structure) Why classify? Why classify? –Huge amount of diversity among living things –Helps to make sense of it all

5 Goals of Classification Goal # 1: Give each type of organism a unique name understood by all Goal # 1: Give each type of organism a unique name understood by all Binomial nomenclature – 2-name naming system: Binomial nomenclature – 2-name naming system: –Developed by Carrolus Linneaus based on visible characteristics –Genus & species –Ex. Panulirus interruptus, a.k.a. Pacific spiny lobster, rock lobster or crayfish

6 Only about 1 million of 10 million organisms have been identified and named so far Only about 1 million of 10 million organisms have been identified and named so far

7 Goal # 2 – Group organisms according to how closely related they are Goal # 2 – Group organisms according to how closely related they are “Related” means they share a common evolutionary history (phylogeny) “Related” means they share a common evolutionary history (phylogeny) Allows scientists to develop better understanding about organisms & make comparisons & predictions Allows scientists to develop better understanding about organisms & make comparisons & predictions

8 Taxonomy How do we classify? How do we classify? –Look for common characteristics  Phylogeny (evolutionary relationships)  Biochemistry  Morphology (structure) –Ability to reproduce – biological species

9 Tree of Life

10 Taxonomic Levels (8 Taxa) Domain - 3 Domain - 3 Kingdom - 6 Kingdom - 6 Phylum Phylum Class Class Order Order Family Family Genus Genus Species Species Example: Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Cetacea Family: Delphinidae Genus: Tursiops Species: T. truncatus

11 8 Taxa Domain - Domain - Kingdom - Kingdom - Phylum - Phylum - Class - Class - Order - Order - Family - Family - Genus - Genus - Species - Species -DearKingPhilipCameOverForGoodSoup

12 3 Domains Bacteria Bacteria Archaea Archaea Eukaryota Eukaryota

13 6 Kingdoms Archaebacteria Archaebacteria Bacteria (Eubacteria) Bacteria (Eubacteria) Protista Protista Fungi Fungi Plantae Plantae Animalia Animalia

14

15 Major Marine Phyla from Kingdom Animalia: (1) Porifera (2) Cnidaria (3) Annelida (4) Mollusca (5) Arthropoda (6) Echinodermata (7) Chordata

16 Major Marine Classes from Kingdom Animalia: Mollusca – Gastropoda, Pelecypoda, Cephalapoda Arthropoda – Crustacea, Merostomata Echinodermata – Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea Chordata – Agnatha, Chondrichthyes, Ostiechthyes, Reptilia, Aves, Mammalia

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