1. Goal #5 Classification

2. I. Species = group of organisms that share similar characteristics that can breed to produce fertile offspring ~ 1.5 million different spp ~ 2 -100 million not discovered

3. II. Classification of Organisms Common names of org. are usually used outside of science –bird –Sea horse –Cougar, mountain lion, panther, puma A. Taxonomy = classification of organsims by assigning each organism a name –Use Latin and Greek language (18 th century) 1. Taxon: level of organization in taxonomy (group)

4. B. Binomial Nomenclature = Two-word naming system of org. (each species has a two-part scientific name) –A–Always write name in italics –1–1 st word is genus (capitalized), –2–2 nd word is species and is lowercase –E–Example: Homo sapiens Developed by Carolus Linnaeus –1–18 th century

5. Section 18-1 Flowchart Go to Section:

7. Common Name: Albino Brown Rat Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Rodentia Family: Muridae Genus: Rattus Species: norvegicus Common Name: Green Tree Frog Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Amphibia Order: Anura Family: Hylidae Genus: Hyla Species: cinerea Common Name: Human Species Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Primates Family: Hominidae Genus: Homo Species: sapiens Common Name: Red Crayfish Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Class: Malacostraca Order: Decapoda Family: Cambaridae Genus: Procambarus Species: clarkii

8. Human Species Kingdom: Animalia…. animals Phylum: Chordata…. spinal chord Class: Mammalia… warm blood, fur, milk, lungs, live birth Order: Primates… 5 fingers, thumbs, color vision, omnivores Family: Hominidae… humans, chimps, gorillas, orangutans Genus: Homo… erect posture, large cranium, bipedal, tool-using Species: sapiens… ground-dwelling, tail-less, hands-free, speech & language

9. Whose name is it? Homo sapiens Mus musculus Ursus horribilis Canis familianis Felis domesticus Panthera leo Helianthus annuus Acinonyx jubatus Rana pipiens Pinus strobus Taraxacum oficinale Human House Mouse Grizzly Bear Dog Cat Lion Sunflower Cheetah Frog Pine Tree Dandelion

10. Grizzly bearBlack bearGiant panda Red fox Abert squirrel Coral snake Sea star KINGDOM Animalia PHYLUM Chordata CLASS Mammalia ORDER Carnivora FAMILY Ursidae GENUS Ursus SPECIES Ursus arctos Section 18-1 Go to Section:

12. Common Name: Albino Brown Rat Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Rodentia Family: Muridae Genus: Rattus Species: norvegicus Common Name: Green Tree Frog Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Amphibia Order: Anura Family: Hylidae Genus: Hyla Species: cinerea Common Name: Human Species Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Primates Family: Hominidae Genus: Homo Species: sapiens Common Name: Red Crayfish Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Class: Malacostraca Order: Decapoda Family: Cambaridae Genus: Procambarus Species: clarkii

13. Human Species Kingdom: Animalia…. animals Phylum: Chordata…. spinal chord Class: Mammalia… warm blood, fur, milk, lungs, live birth Order: Primates… 5 fingers, thumbs, color vision, omnivores Family: Hominidae… humans, chimps, gorillas, orangutans Genus: Homo… erect posture, large cranium, bipedal, tool-using Species: sapiens… ground-dwelling, tail-less, hands-free, speech & language

14. Whose name is it? Homo sapiens Mus musculus Ursus horribilis Canis familianis Felis domesticus Panthera leo Helianthus annuus Acinonyx jubatus Rana pipiens Pinus strobus Taraxacum oficinale Human House Mouse Grizzly Bear Dog Cat Lion Sunflower Cheetah Frog Pine Tree Dandelion

15. III. Evolutionary Classification 1. Species are placed into taxa based on evolutionary history, not just physical traits –uses molecular similarities (DNA/RNA) of organsim 2. Also called phylogenetic classification

16. 3. Cladogram A diagram that shows the evolutionary relationship among a group organisms –U–Uses derived characteristics = new characteristics that arise as organisms evolve

17. Theropods Allosaurus Sinornis Velociraptor Archaeopteryx Robin Light bones 3-toed foot; wishbone Down feathers Feathers with shaft, veins, and barbs Flight feathers; arms as long as legs

18. C#7: Classification Write a minimum 5 - 7 sentence paragraph explaining why it is important to classify the diversity of living things. 5 Write 10 sentence paragraph about two different species of bears, that illustrates binomial nomenclature. Cite all references used. 10 Draw a cladogram of a manufactured item, such as a car, house- hold item, that has changed over the years. Label derived characters that appeared as new models arose. 10 Research different organisms found in each kingdom. Sketch or use photos to create a poster (full-size) illustrating all the diversity found in each kingdom. Include names of organisms and must be in color 15 Chapter 18 Assessment (1 st page of assessment only)10