1. Batteries & Fuel Cells
A history in pictures

2. 1771-1800: The Galvani-Volta Controversy
Luigi Galvani “Animal Electricity”
Alessandro Volta

3. 1800: The First Battery (Voltaic Pile)
1801: Volta presenting his battery to Napoleon.

4. 1800: Fathers of Electrolysis
Anthony Carlisle
William Nicholson
Johann Ritter
In 1800, electrolysis was discovered a few months after Volta’s battery.
It seems the discovery was simultaneously made by Nicholson & Ritter
in England and by Ritter in Silesia (now Poland) .

5. 1821: The First Electric Motor 1835: The First BEV (Battery Electric Vehicle)
Michael Faraday
Sibrandus Stratingh

6. 1836: The Grove Battery and the Daniel Battery
John F. Daniel
Daniell’s Battery
Grove’s Battery
Grove’s Battery provided more power than Volta’s battery but leaked poisonous gas. Daniel’s battery was safer and was used in the first telegraphs.

7. 1838: Backwards Electrolysis
Christian Friedrich Schönbein

8. 1839: First Fuel Cell (Grove’s “Gas Battery”)
Sir William Grove

9. 1859: The Lead battery is invented 1887: The first full-scale electric car
Gaston Plante
Lead-Acid Battery
1888: Morrison’s electric car ran on 24 lead-acid battery cells. Here it is shown at a Des Moines parade.

10. 1889: Improved Fuel Cell 1897: Electric Taxis 1901: Nickel-Iron Rechargeable Battery (Edison Battery)
Mond & Langer’s Fuel Cell
1910: The Edison Battery is tried in a automobile
NY Electric Taxi

11. Edison with a 1912 Detroit Electric
1912: Rechargeable BEV : BEVs off market 1959: The Henney Kilowatt

12. 1959: The Alkali Fuel Cell 1967: First Fuel Cell Vehicle
1965: A U.S. Army soldier operates a portable drill powered by an alkali fuel cell.
Francis Thomas Bacon with his Alkali Fuel cell.
Karl Kordesch rides his alkali fuel cell motorbike.

13. :The Apollo Project
Fuel cells are used to power the spacecraft computers and life-support systems because they are safer than nuclear and smaller than solar. The astronauts drink the water that is produced from the electrolysis.

14. 1975: BEV range to charge is still only 60 miles 1979: The fuel cell golf cart

15. 1994: Fuel cell bus 1996: GM’s EV1

16. 2007: GM Sequel and Tesla Roadster

17. Why choose cars for our project?

18. References
pictures of scientists
types of fuel cells
sir william grove
willliam nicholson
history of BEVs
fuel cell history