1. This article and any supplementary material should be cited as follows: Lemaire ED, Samadi R, Goudreau L, Kofman J. Mechanical and biomechanical analysis of a linear piston design for angular-velocity-based orthotic control. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2013;50(1):43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1682/JRRD.2012.02.0031 Slideshow Project DOI:10.1682/JRRD.2012.02.0031JSP Mechanical and biomechanical analysis of a linear piston design for angular- velocity-based orthotic control Edward D. Lemaire, PhD; Reza Samadi, MASc; Louis Goudreau, PEng; Jonathan Kofman, PhD, PEng

2. This article and any supplementary material should be cited as follows: Lemaire ED, Samadi R, Goudreau L, Kofman J. Mechanical and biomechanical analysis of a linear piston design for angular-velocity-based orthotic control. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2013;50(1):43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1682/JRRD.2012.02.0031 Slideshow Project DOI:10.1682/JRRD.2012.02.0031JSP Aim – Test linear piston hydraulic angular-velocity-based control knee joint. Device engages when knee-flexion resistance reaches preset angular-velocity threshold but otherwise allows free knee motion. Relevance – This device will resist knee flexion during knee collapse events such as stumbling that may occur during walking or other daily living activities.

3. This article and any supplementary material should be cited as follows: Lemaire ED, Samadi R, Goudreau L, Kofman J. Mechanical and biomechanical analysis of a linear piston design for angular-velocity-based orthotic control. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2013;50(1):43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1682/JRRD.2012.02.0031 Slideshow Project DOI:10.1682/JRRD.2012.02.0031JSP Method Mechanical tests to evaluate mechanical behavior and resistance to failure: – Dynamic loading. – Cyclic loading. Biomechanical tests (nondisabled subjects): – Slow walking speed that did not engage knee- flexion resistance. – Fast walking speed that attained angular-velocity threshold and caused knee-flexion resistance. – Knee-collapse tests.

4. This article and any supplementary material should be cited as follows: Lemaire ED, Samadi R, Goudreau L, Kofman J. Mechanical and biomechanical analysis of a linear piston design for angular-velocity-based orthotic control. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2013;50(1):43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1682/JRRD.2012.02.0031 Slideshow Project DOI:10.1682/JRRD.2012.02.0031JSP Results Mechanical tests: – Device engaged within 2  knee flexion and resisted moment loads >150 Nm. – Device completed 400,000 loading cycles without mechanical failure/wear that would affect function. Biomechanical tests: – Gait patterns similar to normal at walking speeds that produced below-threshold knee angular velocities. – Fast walking speeds reduced maximum knee flexion by ~25  and didn’t cause unsafe gait patterns. – Device successfully engaged knee-flexion resistance and stopped knee flexion with peak knee moments <235 Nm.

5. This article and any supplementary material should be cited as follows: Lemaire ED, Samadi R, Goudreau L, Kofman J. Mechanical and biomechanical analysis of a linear piston design for angular-velocity-based orthotic control. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2013;50(1):43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1682/JRRD.2012.02.0031 Slideshow Project DOI:10.1682/JRRD.2012.02.0031JSP Conclusion Study outcomes support potential for linear piston hydraulic knee joint in knee and knee- ankle-foot orthoses for people with lower-limb weakness.