1. CBCDM 1 First National Capacity Building Workshop on Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) under CD4CDM Project LGED Bhaban, Dhaka 8-9 April 2008 ADB PREGA Activities and Beyond Prepared by Dr. M. Eusuf Bangladesh Centre for Advamced Studies (BCAS)

2. CBCDM 2 PREGA (1 st Phase) Asian Development Bank (ADB) has launched a project entitled “Promotion of Renewable Energy, Energy Efficiency and Greenhouse Gas Abatement – PREGA” in 2002 in some countries of South East Asia. The objectives of this project are : a)To promote investment in PREGA technologies that will increase access to energy services by the poor, reduce GHG emissions and realize other strategic development activities. b)To generate a pipeline of investment projects for financing through commercial, multilateral and bilateral sources including specialized treaty-linked mechanisms such as CDM and GEF. c)To identify policy and institutional barriers to dissemination of PREGA technologies. d)To study and develop financing models for PREGA investment projects.

3. CBCDM 3 From the energy situation study of the country it has been suggested that the following 17 projects be taken for implementation to achieve the objective of poverty alleviation, reaching energy to the poorer sections of the society, empowering women and reduction of GHG emission: 1)Waste to electrical energy project 2)Introduction of co-generation in sugar industries 3)Solar-wind-diesel hybrid for power generation for small towns and villages 4)Solar electricity in the National Assembly building (Parliament Building), President’s House, and Prime Minister’s Office and Official Residence 5)Demonstration of efficient biomass stoves for widespread use 6)Demonstration of biogas plants for popularization 7)Demonstration of CFL and other efficient appliances for popularization

4. CBCDM 4 8)Introduction of intelligent motor controllers for efficiency improvement in electrical sector 9)Fuel switching from oil to gas for power generation 10)Energy efficiency studies in industries 11)Energy efficient devices in industries 12)Rehabilitation of electricity distribution network 13)Combined cycle power plant in place of gas-steam power 14)Conversion of gasoline cars to CNG cars 15)Replacement of 2-stroke engine with 4-stroke engine for auto- rickshaws 16)Power generation through biomass gasification 17)Introduction of mini hydro/micro hydro electricity

5. CBCDM 5 Projects undertaken for Pre-feasibility Studies 1.Pre-feasibility study for Dhaka city solid waste to electric energy project 2.Pre-feasibility study for co-generation in sugar industries 3.Pre-feasibility study for solar-wind-diesel hybrid for power generation in small towns and villages 4.Pre-feasibility study for fuel switching from oil to gas for power generation.

6. CBCDM 6 Technologies available for processing solid wastes A number of technologies are now available for processing municipal solid wastes (MSW). Popular among them are : (1) Landfill, (2) Mass Burn Incinerator, (3) Fluidised Bed Incinerator, (4) Gasification, and (5) Plasma Converter.

7. CBCDM 7 GHG (CO 2 equivalent) Production without (Series 2) and with (Series 1) the project activity(MSWEE)

8. CBCDM 8 Proposed Project 1)50 digesters, 8500m 3 capacity each, are constructed. 2)20-MW capacity generator is installed. 3)Generated electricity is fed into the national grid thus displacing equivalent power generation based on natural gas by BPDB. 4)Fresh wastes containing all the components including the recyclables such as metals, glasses, etc. will be fed into the digesters, After digestion, when the digested materials will be dug out, scavengers with necessary safety measures will be employed to pick up the recyclable materials. After anaerobic digestion, the residue becomes completely odourless and mostly germ-free. The sorted-out residue will be disposed of for land filling. 5)Methane produced in otherwise open dumping will be trapped and burnt for power generation 6)With the project activity, total yearly CO 2 production is 153, 670 tonnes

9. CBCDM 9 Yearly Abatement of CO 2 Equivalent due to the Project Activities i) Yearly total production of CO 2 equivalent in the absence of the project activities =1,284,168 Tonnes ii) Yearly total production of CO 2 with the project activity =153,630 Tonnes Yearly Abatement of CO 2 =1,130,538 Tonnes

10. CBCDM 10 Cumulative Reduction of CO 2 over the Project Period(MSWEE)

11. CBCDM 11 Project benefits(MSWEE) IssuesExplanation Local Environmental Benefits -Local air quality will be improved. -The project will deliver more electricity to the grid reducing load shedding -The project will help solve waste disposal problem Socio- economic Benefits -The project will lead to employment generation. -The project will improve the quality of life of people living in areas adjacent to the project site. Capacity Building -This project will be a first CDM project in the country and thus help capacity building related to CDM projects.

12. CBCDM 12 IssuesExplanation Technology Transfer -This will be a new technology in the region and as such successful implementation will result in replication leading to further emission reduction. Host Country Criteria -GOB is still in the process of defining requirements for CDM projects. Government Priority -This project is in the priority list of GOB and has already been placedunder MOEF. EIA-EIA will be carried out as per Law.

13. CBCDM 13 Financial Aspects(MSWEE) Base case Investment cost : 1573.66 million Taka Annual operating cost:61.8 million Taka IRR: –6% NPV (at 10%):-77.57 million Taka B-C Ratio (at 10%):0.81

14. CBCDM 14 Financial Analysis with Carbon Benefit (1.13 million tons of CO 2 Reduction per annum) -MSWEE With 5 dollars per ton of CO 2 IRR=84.02% NPV (at 10%)=2136.99 million Taka B-C ratio (at 10%)=6.2 with 3 dollars per ton of CO 2 IRR =54.73% NPV (at 10%)=1251.79 million Taka B-C ratio (at 10%)=4.4

15. CBCDM 15 Other Economic and Social Benefits l Job creation:New jobs will be created through landfill project. l Income generation :Incremental wage increase at land-fill energy plant compared to alternative jobs. l Trade Balance:Positive trade balance due to reduction of fuel import. l Efficient use of land:Density of waste in land fill project is higher than present dump-site. The higher the density, the better is the land use. l Renewable Energy:It is renewable. l The project will lead to technology transfer and which can be replicated. (MSWEE)

16. CBCDM 16 Co-generation in Sugar Industries l To produce both electricity and process heat using the same fuel, bagasse l Now a days, trigeneration, by which electricity, heating and cooling are achieved through burring the same amount of fuel l At present 15 sugar mills are in operation processing annually about 2.5 million tonnes of sugarcanes and producing about 0.9 million tonnes of bagasse. Location and production capacities of these sugar mills are given below :

17. CBCDM 17 Current Practices in Sugar Mills l Major portion of the bagasse is burnt in the boiler to produce electricity and the waste steam is used as process heat. Depending on the capacity of the sugar mills 0.2 – 2.0 MW is produced. Working period of the sugar mills is 120 – 150 days (sugarcane cultivation season). l Calorific value of bagasse containing about 50% moisture is 2300 kcal/kg. l At present 35 – 40 kgs steam is needed to produce 1 kWh of electricity where with efficient co-generation, steam needed per kWh is only 5–6 kgs. l In this pre-feasibility-study, a 2000-tonne per day (TCD) plant has been chosen. According to the results of the study, 11 MW of electricity can be generated in place of current 2.0 MW. 2MW will be supplied to the mill and the remaining 9 MW to the Grid. l Total investment cost is 384 million Taka. Environment additionality of the project is 22,850 tonnes of CO 2 per year. l Financial and economic analyses will be presorted by Mr. Khandaker Mainuddin, Team Member.

18. CBCDM 18 CO 2 production without (series 1) and with (series 2) the project activity over the project period. (Co-generation)

19. CBCDM 19 Yearly abatement of CO 2 due to the project activities. Yearly total production of CO 2 in the absence of the project activities 99,850 tonnes Yearly total production of CO 2 with the project activity77,000 tonnes Yearly abatement of CO 2 22,850 tonnes (Co-generation)

20. CBCDM 20 Financial Aspect Base case Investment cost : 378 million Taka Annual operating Maintenance cost:30.61 million Taka Annual Gross revenue:75.24 million Taka (37.62 GWh @ Tk. 2 per kWh) Analysis period:14 years FIRR: 5.59% NPV (at 10%):– 22.5 million Taka B-C Ratio (at 10%):0.77 The project in the base case is not financially viable. (Co-generation)

21. CBCDM 21 Financial Analysis with CO 2 Benefit (22,850 tons of CO 2 reduction per year) with 10 dollar per ton of CO 2 FIRR=18.66% NPV (at 10%)=50.75 million Taka B-C Ratio (at 10%)=1.51 with 5 dollars per ton of CO 2 IRR =12.54% NPV (at 10%)=14.12 million Taka B-C ratio (at 10%)=1.14 The Project becomes financially viable with CO 2 Valued at 5 dollar/ton

22. CBCDM 22 Solar-Wind-Diesel Hybrid for Power Generation in Small Towns and villages l Bangladesh has good potential of solar energy, energy falling on 1m 2 per year is 1.73 MWh per year on the average. l According to an estimate (Country Study Report), using the currently available technology some 54000 MW of solar PV can be installed. l In the coastal belt and off-shore islands wind speeds are good enough for 2000 MW of wind turbine.

23. CBCDM 23 Cumulative production of CO 2 in the absence (series 1) and in the presence of the project activity (Hybrid)

24. CBCDM 24 Financial Aspect Base case Investment cost : 12.35 million Taka Annual operating Maintenance cost:1.53 million Taka Annual Gross revenue:3.120 million Taka (0.624 kWh @ Tk. 5 per kWh) Analysis period:14 years FIRR: 11.13% NPV (at 10%):0.19 million Taka B-C Ratio (at 10%):1.06 (Hybrid)

25. CBCDM 25 Financial Analysis with CO 2 Benefit (637 tons CO 2 reduction per year) with 10 dollar per ton of CO 2 FIRR=29.03% NPV (at 10%)=2.67 million Taka B-C Ratio (at 10%)=1.86 with 5 dollars per ton of CO 2 FIRR =17.86% NPV (at 10%)=1.43 million Taka B-C ratio (at 10%)=1.46 (Hybrid)

26. CBCDM 26 Fuel Switching from Oil to Gas for Power Generation l In 2001-02, BPDB and IPP together had a total installed capacity of 4230 MW out of which 494 MW was oil-based. l In that year, oil-based captive generation in the public and private sectors was 2480 MVA. l According to National Energy Policy (1996) projection of total electricity production and that based on oil is shown in the figure below :

27. CBCDM 27 Cumulative production of CO 2 without (series 1) and with (series 2) project activity from Monno Ceramics Industries Ltd. over the project period (Oil to gas)

28. CBCDM 28 Yearly abatement of CO 2 due to the project activity i)Yearly total production of CO 2 in the absence of the project activities =4199 tonnes (Flowchart 1) ii)Yearly total production of CO 2 with he project activity=2001 tonnes (Flowchart 2) Yearly abatement of CO 2 =2198 tonnes (Oil to gas)

29. CBCDM 29 Financial Aspect Base case Investment cost : 33.03 million Taka Annual operating Maintenance cost:4.25 million Taka Annual Gross revenue:8.63 million Taka (3.45 GWh @ Tk. 2.50 per kWh) Analysis period:14 years FIRR: 12.71% NPV (at 10%):1.26 million Taka B-C Ratio (at 10%):1.15 (Oil to gas) Financial Aspect Base case Investment cost : 33.03 million Taka Annual operating Maintenance cost:4.25 million Taka Annual Gross revenue:8.63 million Taka (3.45 GWh @ Tk. 2.50 per kWh) Analysis period:14 years FIRR: 12.71% NPV (at 10%):1.26 million Taka B-C Ratio (at 10%):1.15 Financial Analysis with CO 2 Benefit (21,98 tons CO 2 reduction per year) with 10 dollar per ton of CO 2 FIRR=28.93% NPV (at 10%)=9.87 million Taka B-C Ratio (at 10%)=2.19

30. CBCDM 30 Financial Analysis with CO 2 Benefit (21,98 tons CO 2 reduction per year) with 10 dollar per ton of CO 2 FIRR=28.93% NPV (at 10%)=9.87 million Taka B-C Ratio (at 10%)=2.19 (Oil to gas)

31. CBCDM 31 Project Prioritisation Comparison of results of the financial and economic analysis of the 4 pre- feasibility studies is given below : Item MSWEEcogenoil to gashybrid 1.Total investment Cost including working capital (million Taka) 1601.16384.3534.2012.77 2.Loan (million Taka) 1120.81269.0523.948.94 3.Equity (million Taka) 480.35115.3110.263.83 4.Capacity of the power plant 20 MW11 MW (9 MW to Grid) 2 MVA (1.6 MW) 75 kW 5.Yearly Environment Additionality (ones of CO 2 ) 1,130,53822,8502,198637 6.Yearly Environment Additionality per MW of the power generation (ones) 56,527253913748493 7.Environment Additionality per million Tk. of capital investment (ones) 706596450 Contd.

32. CBCDM 32 Item MSWEEcogenoil to gashybrid 8.FIRR (base) % 6.395.5912.7111.13 9.FIRR (15% decrease in revenue) % – 10.79– 32.61– 16.65– 22.05 10.FIRR (15% increase in investment) % – 3.02– 4.013.892.18 11.FIRR (Carbon credit at US$ 10 per tonne of CO 2 ) 54.71 (@US$ 3.00 per tonne) 18.6628.9324.03 12.FIRR (with the carbon credit but 15% less revenue 25.00 (@ US$ 3.00 per tonne) 5.1112.607.16 13.FIRR (with carbon credit but 15% more investment) % 43.24 (@ US$ 3.00 per tonne) 10.4019.8420.42 14.EIRR (base) % 14.459.5824.3312.51 15.EIRR (15% less revenue) % 1.26– 11.674.57– 15.60 16.EIRR (15% more investment cost) % 6.100.8215.533.70

33. CBCDM 33 Comparative Study i) It is seen from the above table that MSWEE is the most capital intensive requiring 1601.16 million Tk. followed by Cogen (384.35 million Tk.), Oil to gas (34.20 million Tk.) and Hybrid (12.77 million Tk.) ii)While making the financial and economic analysis, 70% is assumed to be obtained on loan and the remaining 30% to be provided as equity. iii)According to financial analysis, based on IRR in the base case, Oil to gas appears to be the most feasible (IRR, 12.71%) followed by Hybrid (IRR, 11.13%), MSWEE (IRR, 6.39%) and Cogen (5.59%).

34. CBCDM 34 iv)Risk analysis with 15% decrease in revenue or 15% increase in capital investment shows that none of these projects pass these tests as IRR drops down below 4%, decrease in revenue having more negative effect than increase in capital investment. v)Inclusion of carbon credit makes all the 4 projects financially viable with IRR values of 54.71% for MSWEE, 28.93% for Oil to gas, 24.03% for Hybrid and 18.66% for Cogen, CO 2 credit price per tonne being US$ 3.00 for MSWEE and US$ 10.00 for the remaining 3 projects. vi)Based on per MW power generation, environment additionality per annum is 56,527 tonnes for MSWEE, 8,493 tonnes for Hybrid, 2,539 tonnes for Cogen and 1.374 tonnes for Oil to gas project.

35. CBCDM 35 Conclusions and Recommendations Ranking of the projects are A.Based on annual environment B.Based on annual additionality per MW of power environment additionality 1.MSWEE 2.Hybrid 2.Cogen 3.Cogen 3.Oil to gas 4.Oil to gas 4.Hybrid

36. CBCDM 36 A.Projects Undertaken and Reports (draft) Submitted to ADB 1.Quantity and quality assessment of Khulna city solid waste for electricity generation. 2.Pre-feasibility study on Khulna city solid waste to electric energy 3.Pre-feasibility study on widespread use of efficient stoves 4. Pre-feasibility study on popularization of biogas plants 5.Feasibility study (bankable standard) of Khulna city solid waste for electricity generation. 6.Feasibility study (bankable standard) for co-generation in sugar Industries. 7.CDM Project design document (PDD) for Joypurhat bagesse co- generation project 8.CDM project design document (PDD) for Khulna city solid waste to electricity generation.

37. CBCDM 37 B.Capacity Building activities (training programmes/ workshops) Completed 1.National workshop in Dhaka for REGA and CDM awareness building and motivation, LGED Bhaban, 1 – 2 June, 2005. 2.National workshop in Chittagong for REGA and CDM awareness building and motivation, Saint Martin Hotel, 18-19 June, 2005. 3.National workshop in Khulna for REGA and CDM awareness building and motivation, Western Inn International Ltd. 3 – 4 July, 2005. 4.National workshop in Rajshahi for REGA and CDM awareness building and motivation, Senate Hall, Rajshahi University, 27 – 28 July, 2005. 5.National workshop in Dhaka on report writing and financial/ economic analysis of CDM-able projects including CDM modalities, procedures and PDD evaluation, Golden Deer Hotel, 4 – 6 February, 2006.

38. CBCDM 38 Physical Composition of the Solid Wastes of KCC Vegetable matters including food & fruit wastes :20.80-85.87%by wt. Paper & paper products:2.10-13.64%,, Metals:0.0-0.26%,, Glass:0.0-0.80%,, Wood:0.0-0.0%,, Tree trimming & straw:0.9-24.20%,, Clothes:0.0-4.40%,, Stone, ceramic, sand & debris:3.83-19.61%,, Plastic & polythene:1.53-14.07%,, Proximate Analysis of the refuse of KCC (as received) Moisture content:63.00 -90.00 %by wt. Volatile matter:8.20-19.61%,, Fixed carbon:0.30-1.91%,, Ash:1.50-15.48%,,

39. CBCDM 39 GHG (CO 2 equivalent) Production without (Series 1, upper) and with (Series 2, lower) the project activity

40. CBCDM 40 Yearly Abatement of CO 2 Equivalent due to the Project Activities i)Yearly total production of CO 2 equivalent in the absence of the project activities 141,111Tonnes ii)Yearly total production of CO 2 with the project activity=18,430Tonnes Yearly Abatement of CO 2 -equivalent=122,681Tonnes

41. CBCDM 41 Estimated Comulative Reduction of GHG Emission During 2008-2021

42. CBCDM 42 Financial Analysis Base case Investment cost : 220.64 million Taka Annual operating cost:6.15 million Taka IRR: 3.76% NPV (at 10%):-10.38 million Taka B-C Ratio (at 10%):0.69 Financial Analysis with Carbon Benefit (0.123 million tons of CO 2 Reduction per annum) with 3 dollar per ton of CO 2 IRR=50.28% NPV (at 10%)=159.23 million Taka B-C ratio (at 10%)=3.72

43. CBCDM 43 Feasibility Study (Bankable Standard) for Co- generation in Sugar Industries Co-generation in Sugar Industries  To produce both electricity and process heat using the same fuel, bagasse  Now a days, trigeneration, by which electricity, heating and cooling are achieved through burring the same amount of fuel  At present 15 sugar mills are in operation processing annually about 2.5 million tonnes of sugarcanes and producing about 0.9 million tonnes of bagasse. Location and production capacities of these sugar mills are given below :

44. CBCDM 44 Pre-feasibility Study on widespread use of efficient stoves The problem arising from burning of biomass fuels in the traditional stoves are: a)More than 56.37 million tonnes of biomass is being consumed annually for cooking, parboiling, concentrating date palm and sugarcane juice, etc. The stoves used for these purposes are very inefficient, efficiencies varying from 5 to 15%, thus causing unnecessary wastage of our biomass wealth. b)The inefficient traditional stoves produce GHG i.e. carbon dioxide gas, other gases and particulates which are harmful to the health as well as to the environment. c)Cattle feed are decreasing as the people are increasingly using straw and dried grass for cooking. d)Cattle-dung and crop residues which were previously left in the land for maintaining natural fertility are now being taken home for meeting cooking needs. e)Rapid deforestation, due to increasing demand on fuel wood for cooking, will ultimately bring about a change in the ecosystem leading to erosion and a change in the climatic patterns. Some signs of desertification are already visible in the northern part of the country. f)Increase of GHG in the environment due to increased burning of biomass and other fuels.

45. CBCDM 45 The models which are popular and accepted by the users are: i. Single mouth domestic improved cook stove, half-underground, with iron rod or cast iron grate (Fig-5). ii. Single mouth commercial efficient stove with iron rods or cast iron grate (Fig-6). iii.Double mouth improved cook stove, half-underground, coupled with chimney (Fig-7). iv.Double mouth improved cook stove, on the ground, coupled with chimney (Fig-8). v.Commercial improved cook stove, coupled with chimney, suitable for hotels, hostels, community center, commercial enterprises etc. (Fig-9). Supports for utensils Ash outlet & Air entry Fuel feedGrate Ash outlet & Air entry Single-mouth domestic improved cook stove, half-underground, with iron rod or cast iron grate

46. CBCDM 46 Double-mouth domestic improved cook stove, half-underground, coupled with chimney. 1 st pot hole 2 nd pot hole Chimney Fuel feed Ash outlet & Air entry Chimney Cap Hole leading to the chimney Connecting pipe between the 1 st and 2 nd pot holes Grate

47. CBCDM 47 Double-mouth domestic improved cook stove, on the ground, coupled with chimney. Chimney Hole leading to the chimney 2 nd pot hole 1 st pot hole Fuel feed Ash outlet & Air entry Connecting pipe between the 1 st and 2 nd pot holes Chimney Cap Grate

48. CBCDM 48 Financial Analysis Base case Investment cost : 41.11 million Taka (initial) Annual operating Maintenance cost:variable (5.8 – 11.66 million Taka) Annual Gross revenue:variable (– 2.11 to 56.70 million Taka) Analysis period:10 years FIRR: – 0.53% NPV (at 15%):– 174.76 million Taka B-C Ratio (at 15%):13.70 The project in the base case is not financially viable.

49. CBCDM 49 Financial Analysis with CO 2 Benefit with 3 dollar per ton of CO 2 (values refer to 3 month period) FIRR=12.51% NPV (at 15%)=599.03 million Taka B-C Ratio (at 15%)=51.39 The Project becomes financially viable with CO 2 Valued at 3 dollar/ton 10% Fall in Revenue (with CO 2 valued at 3 $ per tonne) FIRR =10.60% NPV (at 15%)= 465.59 million Taka B-C (at 15%)=40.17

50. CBCDM 50 Cumulative CO 2 production without (Series 1) and with (Series 2) the project activity over the project period.

51. CBCDM 51 Cumulative reduction of CO 2 over the project period.

52. CBCDM 52 Pre-feasibility Study of Popularization of Biogas Plants Justification of the Project: With the implementation of the project, the following benefits will be achieved to a great extent: 1)Greenhouse gas (GHG) emission will be reduced significantly. 2)Production of biogas will facilitate cooking, lighting and generation of electricity for rural application. 3)Facilitate production of organic fertilizer to increase crop production, thus improving economic conditions. 4)Improve sanitary conditions of the rural people. 5)By checking deforestation ecological equilibrium will be maintained.

53. CBCDM 53 Schematic diagramme of a floating dome biogas plant INLET TANK G.L SLIDE PIPE G.L GAS OUTLET PIPE GAS HOLDER SLURR LEVEL CENTRAL GUIDE PIPE OUTLET PIT

54. CBCDM 54 Schematic diagramme of a fixed dome biogas plant INTEL TANK GAS OUTLET PIPE G.L BIOFERTILIZER PIT R.C.C PIPE SEC. AT A.B. GAS CHAMBER DIGESTER HYDRAULIC CHEMBER A B

55. CBCDM 55 Financial Analysis (values refer to 3-month period) Base case Investment cost : 75.28 million Taka (initial) Annual operating Maintenance cost:variable (6.30 – 197.22 million Taka) Annual Gross revenue:variable (6.67 – 96.72 million Taka) Analysis period:10 years NPV (at 15%):– 1098.89 million Taka B-C Ratio (at 15%):– 49.48 The project in the base case is not financially viable.

56. CBCDM 56 Financial Analysis with CO 2 Benefit with 5 dollar per ton of CO 2 (values refer to 3-month period) FIRR=5.58% NPV (at 10%)=248.89 million Taka B-C Ratio (at 10%)=12.43 The Project becomes financially viable with CO 2 Valued at 5 dollar/ton 10% rise investment (with CO 2 valued at 5 $ per tonne) FIRR =5.5% NPV (at 15%)=241.46 million Taka B-C (at 15%)=11.04

57. CBCDM 57 Stakeholders Opinion Two surveys were carried out in two different regions of the country to get the opinion of the stakeholders about the acceptability of biogas plants. The surveys were designed to find out how much they are willing to pay as down-payment as part of the installation costs and as service charges for maintenance and operation (post-installation services). Survey results show that, 100% of the respondents are willing to pay 30% as down-payment and Taka 25 as service charge per month for the domestic plants and Taka 250 per month as the service charge for the commercial plants as long as the post-installation services are available. It can therefore be concluded that biogas plants have a great demand in the rural areas.

58. CBCDM 58 Cumulative production of CO 2 -equivalent in the absence (upper curve) and the presence (lower curve) of the project activity during the 10-year period.

59. CBCDM 59 Cumulative reduction of CO 2 -equivalent in the presence of the project activity during the 10-years project period.

60. CBCDM 60 Summary of PREGA Project Activities (Phase – 1) Final Reports 1.Promotion of Renewable Energy, Energy Efficiency and Greenhouse Gas Abatement (PREGA): Country Study Report 2. Pre-feasibility study for Dhaka City solid waste to electric energy 3.Pre-feasibility study for co-generation in sugar industries 4.Pre-feasibility study for fuel switching from oil to gas for power generation in small industries 5.Pre-feasibility study on solar-wind-diesel hybrid for power generation in small towns and villages 6.Policies and strategies for developing and promoting REGA technologies 7.Consolidated report on PREGA (1st Phase) Stakeholders’ Meetings Organized 1.Stakeholders’ Meeting on PREGA Projects (11 February, 2004) 2.Stakeholders’ Meeting on PREGA Projects (26 July, 2004)

61. CBCDM 61 Summary of PREGA Project Activities (Phase – 2) Final Reports 1.Quality and quantity assessment of Khulna City solid waste for electricity generation 2.Pre-feasibility study on Khulna city solid waste to electric energy 3.Pre-feasibility study on widespread use of efficient stoves 4.Pre-feasibility study on popularization of biogas plants 5.Feasibility study (Bankable Standard) of Khulna city solid waste for electricity generation 6.Feasibility study (Bankable Standard) for co-generation in sugar industries 7.CDM Project Design Document (PDD) for Joipurhat bagasse cogeneration project 8.CDM Project Design Document (PDD) for Khulna city solid waste to electricity generation

62. CBCDM 62 Workshops Organized 1.National Workshop for REGA and CDM Awareness Building & Motivation under the ADB-PREGA Project, Dhaka (1-2 June, 2005) 2.National Workshop for REGA and CDM Awareness Building & Motivation under the ADB-PREGA Project, Chittagong (18-19 June, 2005) 3.National Workshop for REGA and CDM Awareness Building & Motivation under the ADB-PREGA Project, Khulna (3-4 July, 2005) 4.National Workshop for REGA and CDM Awareness Building & Motivation under the ADB-PREGA Project, Rajshahi (27-28 July, 2005) 5.ADB-Sponsored National Workshop on Report writing and Financial/Economic Analysis of CDM-able Project including CDM Modalities, Procedures amd PDD Evaluation, Dhaka (4-6 February, 2006)

63. CBCDM 63 ADB PREGA Activities and Beyond Carbon Market Initiative Overview It is an innovative financing scheme that supports the development of clean energy, energy efficiency, and greenhouse gas (GHG) abatement projects in developing countries is Asia and the Pacific that are eligible under the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) of the Kyoto Protocol (KP). It builds upon and adds value to ADB’s sustainable development focus in core public and private financing activities.

64. CBCDM 64 CMI has three components: (i)upfront carbon financing through the Asia Pacific Carbon Fund (APCF) (ii) technical CDM support through the Technical Support Facility (TSF) (iii) marketing support for carbon credits through the Credit Marketing Facility (CMF)

65. CBCDM 65 The APCF is a fund established and managed by ADB that cofinances CDM projects in its DMCs by securing a portion of the expected future certified emissions reductions (CERs) from CDM-eligible projects in exchange for upfront finance.

66. CBCDM 66 The TSF provides comprehensive technical support to project sponsors to develop CDM-eligible projects, thus contributing to a continuous pipeline of “viable” clean energy projects that may be considered for ADB financing and upfront funds from the APCF

67. CBCDM 67 The CMF provides marketing support services to project sponsors in obtaining optimal prices and sale terms for CERs in the open market.

68. CBCDM 68