1. Emotional Development Ages 1-3
Chapter 11 Intro to TOYBOX

2. Emotional Development from 1-3
When you hear the word emotional what comes to mind?

3. Two Types of Development…
Emotional Development
process of learning to recognize and express feelings and to establish a personal identity
Social Development
process of learning how to interact and express oneself with others.

4. Emotional Development from 1-3
Toddlers go through cycles of emotions and can alternate between…
Frustration, rebellion
Happiness, calmness, stability

5. Emotional Development from 1-3
At 18months, toddlers are typically:
Self-centered
Why is this?
As infants, their needs are met

6. Emotional Development from 1-3
What is one of the very first words toddlers learn?
No!

7. Emotional Development from 1-3
Negativism:
Fancy word for the “no phase”
Doing the opposite of what you are asked

8. Emotional Development from 1-3
Why do toddlers go through the “no” phase?
They want to be independent
Saying “no” helps them feel like they are making the decision
They might say “no,” even if their true desire is “yes”

9. Why do toddlers go through the “no” phase?
Frustration
They want to do more than their bodies will let them
They don’t have enough language skills.
understand most words
cannot always express their feelings with words

10. Why do toddlers go through the “no” phase?
They are beginning to realize that they are their own person
Separate from their parents!
This idea is exciting and scary at the same time
Excited to be own person
Still wants deep connection with the caregiver

11. Emotional Development from 1-3
Brain Development
Cortex (brain’s language center) is developing rapidly after 18 months
18 months knows words
24 months knows 300 words
understands apx words

12. Emotional Development from 1-3
Strategies to help with negativism
Give the child choices
Let the child choose between two acceptable alternatives
What could you say instead of “Pick up your books and toys?”
“Which would you like to pick up first- your books or your toys?

13. Strategies to Help with Negativism
More strategies…
Redirect the child
Distraction
Encourage talking
“Use Your Words”

14. Temper Tantrums Temper Tantrums
Usually begin around 18 months and can go on until age 3 or 4
Children release anger and frustration by
Screaming
Kicking
Crying
Pounding
Sometimes hold their breath

15. Temper Tantrums Why do temper tantrums happen?
When a child is told “no” to something they want
More likely to happen if child is tired or frustrated or hungry

16. How to deal with Temper Tantrums
If you are at home…
Try to ignore it
If you are in public…
bring the child to a quiet spot to cool down
Always remain calm and speak quietly and firmly
Resist the urge to respond with a loud or angry voice

17. How to deal with Temper Tantrums
Acknowledge…
the child’s feelings while explaining the reason that the child’s demands can’t be met
Stick to the limits you set!
Consistency is KEY

18. How to deal with Temper Tantrums
More tips…
Make sure that child cannot hurt themselves or others
Once it’s over, praise the child for calming down
Keep explanations short and simple
Remember!
This is a normal part of a toddler’s attempt to assert his independence!

19. How to deal with Temper Tantrums
Most important thing to remember:
Do NOT give in to them!
Why not?
Children will learn that they WORK, and then do it more often!

20. Emotional Development from 1-3
How does a 24 Month-old typically act?
Speech and motor skills have improved
Is more patient
Expresses love and affection
Seeks approval and praise
Gets along better with others
More outgoing and friendly
Less self centered
Easier to reason with

21. 30 Months At 30 Months (2 ½ Years)…
Learning so much and often feel Overwhelmed
Immature
Strong need for independence
Know what they want to say but cannot say it
Sensitive about being bossed, shown, or helped
Need consistency and routines

22. 30 Months Moods can change rapidly between… Stubborn, demanding
Loving and charming
Children feel both dependent and independent
May seek help some times, not others
Require love and patience
Needs consistency and routines

23. Emotional Development from 1-3
Why are routines important to young children?
Helps build confidence and a feeling of security
Children know what to expect

24. Emotional Development from 1-3
36 Months (3 Years)
Generally happier, less frustrated
More cooperative, will change behavior for praise
Learning to be considerate, can be reasoned with
More physically capable
More willing to take directions from others

25. Emotional Development from 1-3
Three year olds LOVE to talk!
To play mates
To toys
To self
To imaginary companions
1/3 of children are said to have them!

26. Emotional Development from 1-3
42 Months (3 ½ Years)
Becomes insecure
Parents may feel a backslide
What sorts of fears are common?
Afraid of dark
Monsters
Strangers
Loud noises

27. Emotional Development from 1-3
What are some physical ways that emotional tension can show up?
sucking thumb
biting nails
Stuttering

28. An Emotional Rollercoaster
Directions: Describe a typical toddler at each age. With your group, write a phrase that that child is likely to say (or think) based on what you know about their emotional development.
2 Years
3 Years
18 Months
2 ½ Years
3 ½ Years

30. Emotional Development from 1-3

31. Emotional Development from 1-3
Anger
Often child’s way of reacting to frustration
By 2 or 3, kids can target who they are mad at
More likely to happen if child is sick, tired, uncomfortable, hungry
Often feel angry if they don’t get their way
How does a child typically express anger at 18 months?
Hit or kick
How does a child typically express anger at 3 years?
Name calling, pouting, scolding

32. Acceptable Ways of Handling Anger
Use words
Rather than acting out physically…
Express feelings with words
Speak calmly
Even when angry, do not shout, scream or yell
Take deep breaths
Encourage child to try
You too!

33. Handling Anger
Why is it important to not make child feel bad for being angry
Child needs to know his feelings are OK and we all get angry sometimes
When should you discuss the misbehavior and punishment?
After the child has calmed down
Suggest other ideas for the child so he knows what to do next time

34. Emotional Development from 1-3
Most children have some fears
Age 1, strangers
Age 3, the dark
Why are some fears useful
they help keep a child safe

35. Emotional Development from 1-3
Is anyone afraid of…
Spiders?
Snakes?
Heights?
Flying?
Are your parents afraid?
Parents sometimes pass on fears to their kids

36. Emotional Development from 1-3
Separation Anxiety is…
Very common
But I feel bad! What can I do?
Know that you have chosen a safe place
Tell child when you will be back
After nap, not at 3:00

37. Ways to help Toddler’s Deal With Fears
What are some ways to help a toddler deal with fears?
Offer support and understanding
Never shame a child for their fears
Encourage talking and listen intently
Read books about a child with the same fear
Discuss new situations in advance

38. Emotional Development from 1-3
Jealousy
Varies by age
12 Months - minimal
3 Year Old – peaks
Sibling Rivalry
If there is a new baby, the older child might…
Show off
Revert to old behaviors (bed wetting, baby talk)
Sometimes can be aggressive or mean

39. Emotional Development from 1-3

40. Emotional Development from 1-3
Love and Affection
Can relationships that children have between 1-3 can affect the child’s capacity for love later in life?
Research says yes
Babies…
“love” those who meet their needs
As children grow, affection grows to include
Siblings
Pets
People outside the home

41. Emotional Development from 1-3
Toddlers learn that their actions can hurt others…
Typically between months
First step to developing empathy
What does empathy look like for each age?
12 Months
Child may rub back and talk to another who is sad
24 Months
Child may offer stuffed animal to help cheer up sad friend

42. Emotional Development from 1-3
Tips to help teach children empathy
If a child does something to hurt another child’s feelings
Correct the mistake
Apologize
Ask child to take an active step towards helping child feel better

43. Emotional Development from 1-3
You are babysitting David. He took a toy out of Caleb’s hands. Now Caleb is crying. What could you do to help David develop empathy?
Return the toy
Say sorry
Offer to share another toy?
Offer a hug?

44. Emotional Development from 1-3
Individual Differences
These are all generalities. Remember:
Each child is unique
Lots of differences between ages 1-4
A child’s temperament can make a big difference
Family life: Only child vs. family of five kids

45. Emotional Development from 1-3
Self-Concept
Children become more aware of their individual differences and the traits that make them special
How do children develop their self-concept?
Based on actions, attitudes and comments of others
Parents or primary caregivers have the strongest influence on a child’s self-concept
Mastering skills helps children develop positive self-concept

46. Emotional Development from 1-3
Why is sleep important in emotional development?
Children need enough sleep to be able to function
If they don’t get enough sleep…
May be less alert, inattentive, even hyperactive
may have difficulty thinking, which may impair their ability to control their emotions
How much sleep does a 1-3 year old typically need?
12-14 hours each night

47. Social Development from 1-3
Intro to TOYBOX - Ch 11.2

48. Social Development from 1-3
Socialization
18 Months
parallel play
2 years
begin to understand sharing
Still parallel play

49. Social Development from 1-3
2 ½ Years
Negativism affects friendships
Begin to grasp idea of fairness
3 Years
Cooperative play
Helping others
3 ½ Years
Resolve conflicts
Evaluate friendships

50. Social Development from 1-3
Making Friends
Important skill
Kids learn the “give and take” of socializing with others
May need to teach how
Need contact with other young children
Learn to cope with kids - rough and tumble
Adults are more considerate and polite
Let kids work it out unless it is physical or emotionally damaging

51. Social Development from 1-3
Imaginary Friends
Can appear around age 2
More common at 3-4 years
Can be helpful for kids to cope with feelings
Usually fade away in time

52. Angela asks her mother if her imaginary friend, Tee Tee can come with her to the dentist, and her mom agrees. On the way there, Angela admits to Tee Tee that she is afraid of going because last time, the dentist made her gums bleed.
How might Angela’s mom use Tee Tee’s presence to soothe Angela?
Why do you think that Angela told Tee Tee about her fears, rather than her mom?

53. Social Development from 1-3
How to Help Children Develop Social Skills
Establish rules
Model good behavior
Help kids understand others feelings
Show respect for other people’s things
Show kids how to use their words
Help kids learn specific skills (waiting their turn, sharing, being kind, etc…)

54. Social Development from 1-3
Guidance
Not the same as “punishment”
Helps kids learn self-discipline
Helps with moral development
No single way is the “best” and your methods will change as the child ages

55. Guidance 12-15 Months 15-24 Months 2-3 Years 3 Years
Distract and physically remove object
15-24 Months
Spoken instructions + distract/remove
2-3 Years
Spoken instructions, explain reason to child
3 Years
Usually like to please and will respond to spoken instructions well

56. Social Development from 1-3
Setting Limits
Show an understanding of the child’s desires
Set the limit and explain it
Acknowledge the child’s feelings
Give alternatives
Be firm and consistent!

57. Social Development from 1-3
How can you help encourage independence?
Have realistic expectations
Kids can begin to
Dress, eat, help with some chores
Be patient
Learning self help skills increases confidence
These skills come after a lot of practice

58. Social Development from 1-3
How can you help to promote sharing?
Engage in activities that require sharing
Limit materials available
Make kids take turns
Use the words “sharing” or “taking turns”
Put special toys away before friends come over

59. What are the differences in these two pictures?

60. Social Development from 1-3
Biting
Infants – teething
1 Year – see what happens
2-3 Years – to get their way
Hitting
Kids are impulsive, still self centered
React calmly and help child to use her words
Time out
One minute per year of age

61. Social Development from 1-3
Translate these messages into language that avoids scolding or placing blame.
To a 1 Year Old:
“I told you not to touch that electrical cord!”
To a 2 Year Old:
“If you jump on your bed again, I might have to take it away!”
To a 3 Year Old:
“I told you to stay in the yard, but you didn’t listen. Maybe you shouldn’t get to go outside.”

62. Activity
Jake has been working as a volunteer at a child care center. Each day when he’s done, he asks the lead teacher about what he’s seen that day. Read his questions and imagine what you think the teacher would say.

63. Activity
Shayna, who is two and a half, sat for a long time just watching a boy about the same age play with blocks. Is there something wrong with her that she’s not joining in?

64. Activity
Joe was talking about somebody named Justin. But there isn’t anybody in the center or his family with that name. One of the other staff members said that this was Joe’s imaginary friend. Is it OK for him to have an imaginary friend?

65. Activity
One time when two girls were fighting over who would play with the fire truck, you stepped in right away. They were about 18 months old. Why didn’t you let them work it out for themselves? Isn’t it better for them to learn to solve their own problems?

66. Activity
You seemed to make a special point of praising that really quiet girl, Ariana. You told her how much you liked her finger painting, how much she helped in handing out snacks, and how well she sang during music time. Why make such a big fuss over her, when there are lots of other kids who do more or better than she does?