1. Sentence Patterns
Adapted from “Grammar Dogs”

2. Terminology S = Subject V = Verb (action) DO = Direct Object
IO = Indirect Object
OC = Object Complement
LV = Linking Verb
PN = Predicate Nominative
PA = Predicate Adjective

3. Pattern #1 S – V The dog eats. The dog is eating.
The dog barks loudly.
The dog sleeps in the house.
The dog jumps over the house.

4. Direct Objects (D.O.) The D.O. : is always a noun.
will always follow an action verb.
will answer the question WHO or WHAT.
will NEVER be in a prepositional phrase!

5. Pattern #2 S – V – DO The dog eats food. The dog is eating my lunch.
I grab my lunch.
The dog bites my hand.

6. More examples… John fed his dog in the morning.
Alyssa ate the orange with her lunch.
David bought the motorcycle with his Christmas money.
Jonathon earned an A on his essay.

7. Try it out in your Daily Notes!
Write five sentences of your own Make sure that the verbs are actions.
Each sentence must have a prepositional phrase and a D.O.
Cross out all prepositional phrases
Label the Subject, Verb, and D.O.

8. Indirect Objects (I.O.) The I.O.: comes BEFORE the direct object.
answers the questions “to whom,” “to what,” or “for whom?”
is NEVER in a prepositional phrase.
is ALWAYS a noun.

9. Verbs commonly used with indirect objects:
Send
Lend
Bring
Give
In order to have an indirect object, there must be a direct object, and therefore,
there must be an action verb.

10. Pattern #3 S – V – IO – DO The dog brought me his bone.
I gave him a treat.
I sent my cousin a photo of my dog.

11. More examples… Kevin sent Kaley a rose for her birthday.
Scotty lent me five dollars for lunch.
Adam brought his teacher an apple on Monday.
Can you give your mother a message for me?

12. More about Indirect Objects
Indirect Objects can be rephrased as prepositional phrases after the direct object:
The dog brought his bone to me. (prep phrase)
The dog brought me his bone. (indirect object)
I sent a photo of my dog to my cousin.
I sent my cousin a photo of my dog.

13. I.O. & D.O. in Questions
Did you send (me) the letter with the picture?
Would you lend me a thousand dollars?
Will Sarah bring Tina a cup of coffee on Friday?
Can I give you this movie to watch over the weekend?

14. Other verbs that work… I bought you a car for your birthday.
She found her sister a dress for the party.
Joe ed Lisa a list of things to do.
His mom wrote him a note.

15. Try it out in your Daily Notes!
Write five sentences of your own!
Each sentence must have a subject, verb, direct object, indirect object, and prepositional phrase.
Label your sentences.

16. What is a linking verb? Is Am
Are
Was
Were Be
Being
Been

17. Other verbs to consider…
Appear
Become
Feel
Grow
Look
Remain
Seem
Smell
Sound
Stay
Taste

18. WARNING! Some verbs can be either linking or active!
S LV PA
Yes: He grew tired.
No: He grew vegetables.
Yes: The perfume smells good.
No: The perfume tester smells well.
Yes: The soup tastes salty.
No: I will taste the soup.
S V DO
S LV PA
S V
S LV PA
S V DO

19. Predicate Nominatives (P.N.)
The P.N.:
is the same as the subject.
is NEVER in a prepositional phrase.
is ALWAYS a noun.
is ALWAYS on the RIGHT of a linking verb
There must be a linking verb (state of being verb).

20. Pattern #4 S – LV – PN John is the captain.
Is Tom the president of the class?
I am the teacher.
You are the student.

21. More examples… Chicago pizza is the best.
My favorite hobby is gardening.
Three miles is a long way.
My computer is a new model.

22. Try it out in your Daily Notes!
Write five sentences of your own and label the subject, linking verb, and predicate nominative in each.

23. Predicate Adjectives (P.A.)
The P.A.:
describes the subject.
is NEVER in a prepositional phrase.
is ALWAYS an adjective.
is ALWAYS on the RIGHT of a linking verb
There must be a linking verb (state of being verb).

24. Pattern #5 S – LV – PA The dog is hungry. Lunch tastes good.
I feel confident.
I become tired.

25. More examples… Marin is beautiful! Matt appears sick.
This exam looks difficult.
That argument was intense.
His smile is very attractive.

26. Try it out in your Daily Notes!
Write five sentences of your own and label the subject, linking verb, and predicate adjective in each.