1. Early Humans
SOL 2

2. First Things First!
Dinosaurs died out about 65 million years ago. The first human like hominids did not appear until around 3 million years ago.
Thus, no matter what you may have seen in the movies, early man did not live during the same period in history as dinosaurs!

3. How do we know about history?
Anthropology is the study of the origins and development of people and their societies.
Archaeology is a branch of anthropology that studies the physical remains of a civilization.
Archaeologists study artifacts, objects made by human beings.
By looking at artifacts they can see how people developed technology, the skills and tools people use to meet their basic needs.

4. Archaeology Archaeologists analyze
human remains
fossils
artifacts
Archaeologists apply scientific tests such as carbon dating to analyze fossils and artifacts and to determine their age.

5. Carbon Dating
Carbon dating can be used to date organic artifacts, or things that were once alive
All living things contain a radioactive isotope of Carbon called Carbon 14 which they absorb from the sun while they are alive.
If we know how much Carbon 14 something has left we can count back to how much is had to begin with to determine the age of the artifact. Is limited to things 50,000 years old or less.
Thermo luminescence Dating: Measures the light given off by the electrons in soil surrounding artifacts. Can measure up to 200,000 years.

7. Stonehenge is an example of an archaeological site in England that was begun during the Neolithic and completed during the Bronze Age.

8. Aleppo and Jericho are examples of early cities in the Fertile Crescent studied by archaeologists.

9. Catalhöyük is an example of a Neolithic settlement currently under excavation in Anatolia.

10. Famous People
Mary Leaky: Found footprints of earliest humanlike in Eastern Africa.
Donald Johanson: Found a complete adult female skeleton in Ethiopa (E. Africa)
Named her “Lucy”

11. Here's Lucy

12. How Do Historians Reconstruct the Past?1
How Do Historians Reconstruct the Past?
Historians rely primarily on written evidence to determine how people lived in the past.
Recorded history began about 5,000 years ago, when people began to keep written records.
Historians are like detectives
Sometimes they come to different conclusions.

13. Archeology Scooby Doo
We found these pots and spoons next to a skeleton scoooob…
Who were theses people? How did they live? What did they eat?
Lets keep diggin so we can……solve this mystery!
In order to solve the mystery they need to find out Who these people were, why they died, where they came from,

14. Primary vs. Secondary Sources
Primary source- created by a person who lived during a historical event; they may have participated or been a witness.
Example: letter, diary, speech, cartoon
Secondary source- created from primary sources by people who were not present at the original event.
Example: history book, biography

15. Homo sapiens emerged in East Africa between 100,000 and 400,000 years ago.
Homo sapiens migrated from Africa to Eurasia, Australia, and the Americas.

16. Prehistory
The time period before writing was invented is known as Prehistory.
History is the time period after writing was invented.
Prehistory is also known as the Stone Age.
The Stone Age has two parts:
Old Stone Age or Paleolithic Era
New Stone Age or Neolithic Era

17. Early humans were hunters-gatherers whose survival depended on the availability of wild plants and animals.
They were nomadic and often migrated to find food.

18. Early Hominids Earliest Humans in East Africa
Australopithecus- “southern ape”
4.4 million years- oldest human ancestor
Lucy
3.2 million years old
Walked upright
Nomads- small hunting groups moving often in search of food
Primitive tools- sticks, spears and axes

19. Species of Hominids Homo habilis- “person with ability”
First to make tools
Homo erectus- “person who walks upright”
First to make fire and clothing
Homo sapiens- “person who thinks”

20. Homo Sapiens- Neanderthal
Technological Innovations
Spear points
Build shelters
Lace skins for clothing
Social Behaviors
Burials of dead
Care for sick and old

21. Homo Sapiens- Cro-Magnon
Technological Innovations
Knives, bow and arrow, bone tools
Sewed leather clothing
Pottery
Social Behaviors
Cooperative big-game hunts
High status burials
Cave paintings

23. Artist John Gurche used the latest forensic techniques, fossil discoveries, and 20 years of experience to create the lifelike reconstructions of early humans on display in the Hall of Human Origins. The painstaking process required a detailed knowledge of human and ape anatomy. It took Gurche 2½ years to complete these busts. Source: Smithsonian Museum of Natural History

24. Environmental changes
Four Ice Ages- Two million to 10,000 years ago
Spreading of Glaciers
Leads to development of clothing
Seek shelter in caves
Fire

25. Paleolithic- Old Stone Age
Time Period: 400, BC
Hunter-gatherer societies:
Were nomadic (migrated in search of food, water, shelter)
Invented the first tools, including simple weapons
Lived in clans
Clothing

26. Paleolithic Learned how to make and use fire Developed oral language
Cook food -Scare away animals
Keep warm -Live in caves
Developed oral language
Allows people to work together
Give specific instructions
Exchange ideas
Pass on culture from generation to generation
Created “cave art”

27. Lascaux Cave Paintings

28. Neolithic- New Stone Age
Developed agriculture- domesticated plants- Agricultural Revolution
Domesticated animals
Used advanced tools
wheel/axel
Made pottery
Developed weaving skills
All of these innovations led to a population increase,

29. Copper and Bronze Ages 4000-1000BC
Iron Age begin 1000 BC and people begin to keep written records
Specialization of labor- when people are given specific tasks to accomplish rather than having everyone hunt or gather.

31. Terms from page 22 Artifact Culture Technology Hunter-gatherer
Neolithic revolution
Domestication
Civilization
Specialization
Institution
Bronze age

32. Artifact
Human made object from the past
Used to tell how humans lived

33. Culture
How people lived, language, beliefs, traditions, customs, dress, climate, topography,

34. technology
New tools and weapons to make life, work easier

35. Hunter-gatherer Hunted for food during Paleolithic era
Gathered, foraged, collected anything they could eat

36. Neolithic Revolution
People began farming instead of hunting/gathering

37. domestication
taming animals to raise at home or on a farm

38. civilization
where and how people lived
Language, govt, jobs, laws

39. specialization
skills people have and the jobs they do

40. institution
organized, long-lasting pattern of living- govt, schools, programs

41. Bronze Age
made tools out of bronze
Began in 3000 bce

42. Test Review
Study all warm-up questions by covering up the answers and checking what you know
Study the early man packet
Study the unit review- last page of packet

43. Test Review Locate the tropic of cancer and the tropic of capricorn
Hunter gatherers migrated to find food
Humans first appeared in Africa around 100,000 to 400,000

44. Paleolithic era- lived in clans, used fire, migrated to find food, clay pottery, cave art, weaving

45. Neolithic Era- AGRICULTURE

46. Know your sources
Primary
Secondary

47. Beginning of history
Written language began the historical period of time

48. Archeological digging
artifacts found deeper are older and artifacts found shallower are newer

49. What is this???

50. Housing
why did people live in igloos, huts, caves, or sod houses?

51. What Neolithic settlement was in Anatolia?

52. What are the parts of a map?
Title- The title explains the subject of the map and gives you an idea of what information the map conveys
Legend or “Key”- lists and explains the symbols and use of color on the map
Scale- Shows the distance on the map compared to real earth measurement (1 inch = 1000 miles)

53. Map questions Locate where humans come from
Locate the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn
Locate the Equator and Prime Meridian

54. Types of Maps
This map shows natural features such as land, ocean, mountains

55. This type of map shows human made features such as national borders and cities

56. What else? Study your warmup questions and answers?
Study your cloze notes Early Man packet.
Study your unit review- back page of Early Man packet.