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Infant Mortality: Annual number of children under 1 year of age who die per 1,000 live births Under 5 Mortality/5 yr Child Survival Life Expectancy at.

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Presentation on theme: "Infant Mortality: Annual number of children under 1 year of age who die per 1,000 live births Under 5 Mortality/5 yr Child Survival Life Expectancy at."— Presentation transcript:

1 Infant Mortality: Annual number of children under 1 year of age who die per 1,000 live births Under 5 Mortality/5 yr Child Survival Life Expectancy at birth (in years) Prevalence (disease) : proportion of a population afflicted at a given point in time Incidence (disease): number of new cases in a population during a specified time period (usually per year) Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALY ) Total Fertility Rate Maternal Mortality: number of deaths from pregnancy- related causes per 100,000 live births Crude Birth Rate Crude Death Rate Population Growth Rate Health Indicators Health Indicators

2 World 1960 126/1,000 live births World 2002 56/1,000 live births Good measure of overall health and community well-being. Structural factors affecting the health of entire populations have an impact on the mortality rate of infants. Especially useful in low income and middle income countries Infant Mortality: Infant Mortality: Annual number of children under 1 year of age Annual number of children under 1 year of age who die per 1,000 live births who die per 1,000 live births

3 World 1960 197/1,000 live births World 2002 82/1,000 live births Under-five Mortality: Under-five Mortality: Annual number of children dying between birth and Annual number of children dying between birth and 5 years of age who die per 1,000 live births 5 years of age who die per 1,000 live births

4 World 1960 48 years World 2002 63 years Lowest in Sub-Saharan Africa (46) and highest in Japan (78) for 2002. Good measure of socio- economic development. Life Expectancy at Birth: Life Expectancy at Birth: Number of years a newborn would live subjected Number of years a newborn would live subjected to the present mortality risks prevailing for each to the present mortality risks prevailing for each age group in the population age group in the population

5 Indicator that measures disease burden in a population, taking into account premature mortality, and disability caused by disease or injury Disability-adjusted life years (DALY ) Disability-adjusted life years (DALY )

6 Using 107 diagnoses, and 95% of the causes of disability “Gold Standard” is living in a healthy state (Level of health =1, Death=0), dying at 80 years old (men) or 82.5 years old (women) Years of Lost life (YLL)= years lost by premature death, ex. 64 for a boy who dies at age 16yo Time in which disability is experienced is given a severity rating (ex. Schizophrenia is a 0.8 loss, knee injury is a 0.1 loss) and that time added to YLL Age weights: value of a year lost rises steeply from birth (0.1) to 25 years old (1.4) and then decreases progresively: so for death as a newborn= 32.5 DALY value, at 30 years 29 =DALY value and death at 60 =12 DALY value. Years lost in the future are discounted, so that years lost now are worth more that years lost in the future, at a discount of 3% per year. Calculating DALYS

7 1. Built in gender difference 2. Built in age preference 3. Discounting future years 4. Weighting severity of disability Criticism of the DALYs

8 Leading Causes of the Global Burden of Disease 2002 1.Perinatal conditions 6.5 2.Lower respiratory infections 6.1 3.HIV/AIDS 5.7 4.Depression4.5 5.Diarrhoeal diseases 4.2 6.Ischaemic heart disease3.9 7.Cerebrovascular disease 3.3 8.Malaria 3.1 9.Road traffic accidents 2.6 10.Tuberculosis2.3 DALYs % Source: World Health Report, 2004

9 Attributable Disease Burden of 20 Risk Factors

10 The number of years a newborn can expect to live in full health, based on current statistics of morbidity and mortality Japan =72 years Afghanistan=36 years Health Adjusted Life Expectancy (HALE)

11 Sao Tome & Prince Georgia Cuba Japan Malta USA

12 Fin


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