3.  Ralph is the athletic, charismatic. Pg. 10-11  Elected the leader of the boys.  “But there was a stillness about Ralph as he sat that marked him out: there was his size, and attractive appearance; and most obscurely, yet most powerfully there was the conch. The being that had blown that, had sat waiting for them on the platform with the delicate thing balanced on his knees, was set apart” Pg. 24

4.  Ralph is the primary representative of order, civilization, and productive leadership in the novel.  Ralph uses the conch to maintain order  Ralph sets about building huts and thinking of ways to maximize their chances of being rescued.  Ralph represents the more paternalistic aspects of government, concerned with socialism, making sure there is housing and looking after everyone.

5.  Ralph’s commitment to civilization and morality is strong, and his main wish is to be rescued and returned to the society of adults.  “We can help them to find us. If a ship comes near the island they may not notice us. So we must make smoke on top of the mountain. We must make a fire”. Pg. 41  Ralph suggest special people for looking after the fire and restores order about when and where the conch still is in effect. Pg. 46-47

12.  the Lord of the Flies is seen as a representation of the devil, for it works to promote evil among humankind.  The scene between the pigs head and Simon and the conversation they are having draws a parallel between the devil tempting Jesus in the desert.  YouTube clip

14.  This obedience is compelled by the threat or application of punishment..  The second level of moral thinking is that generally found in society, hence the name "conventional.  The third level of moral thinking is one that Kohlberg felt is not reached by the majority of adults. Its first stage (stage 5) is an understanding of social mutuality and a genuine interest in the welfare of others.  The last stage (stage 6) is based on respect for universal principle and the demands of individual conscience.

16.  the one blamed for everything, regardless of whether he or she is actually at fault

18.  Piggy's intellect benefits the group only through Ralph; he acts as Ralph's advisor.  He cannot be the leader himself because he lacks leadership qualities and has no rapport with the other boys.  Piggy also relies too heavily on the power of social convention. He believes that holding the conch gives him the right to be heard. He believes that upholding social conventions get results.

19.  intellectual approach to life is modeled on the attitudes and rules of the authoritative adult world, he thinks everyone should share his values and attitudes as a matter of course. Speaking of the deaths of Simon and the littlun with the birthmark, he asks "What's grownups goin' to think?" as if he is not so much mourning the boys' deaths as he is mourning the loss of values, ethics, discipline, and decorum that caused those deaths.

23.  Jack desires power above all other things. He is furious when he loses the election to Ralph and continually pushes the boundaries of his subordinate role in the group  Eventually, Jack has learned to use the boys’ fear of the beast to control their behavior—a reminder of how religion and superstition can be manipulated as instruments of power.