2. Unit 2Text A Why They Excel 21st Century College English: Book 2

3. Unit 2: Text A Lead-in Activities Lead-in ActivitiesLead-in ActivitiesLead-in Activities Text Organization Text OrganizationText OrganizationText Organization Reading and Writing Skills Reading and Writing SkillsReading and Writing SkillsReading and Writing Skills Language Points Language PointsLanguage PointsLanguage Points Guided Practice Guided PracticeGuided PracticeGuided Practice Assignment AssignmentAssignment

4. Lead-in Activities Warm-up Questions 1.What do you know about some successful Chinese Americans in the United States? Name some of them. 2.Do you know why they are so successful? Give your reasons. 3.What are prestigious universities in the USA? Name some of them.

5. Text Organization The Structure of Text A A phenomenon drawn from a story Why Asian Americans doing so well?(1 experiment and 3 factors) What can we learn from them?(3 recommendations) Para. 1-4 Para. 5-14 Para. 15-19 Para. 15-19

6. 1.A useful structure for an argumentary writing: phenomenon----- causes-------- suggestions. 2.Transitions for comparison and contrast; concession; coordination, etc. 3.Avoiding repetition of vocabulary. Reading & Writing Skills

7. Why They Excel by Fox Butterfield Intensive Study Text A:

8. Why They Excel by Fox Butterfield 1 Kim-Chi Trinh was just nine when her father used his savings to buy a passage for her on a fishing boat that would carry her from Vietnam. It was a heartbreaking and costly sacrifice for the family, placing Kim-Chi on the small boat, among strangers, in hopes that she would eventually reach the United States, where she would get a good education and enjoy a better life. passage Intensive Study

9. 2 It was a hard journey for the little girl, and full of risks. Long before the boat reached safety, the supplies of food and water ran out. When Kim-Chi finally made it to the US, she had to cope with a succession of three foster families. But when she graduated from San Diego’s Patrick Henry High School in 1988, she had straight A’s and scholarship offers from some of the most prestigious universities in the country. safetymade itfostersafetymade itfoster 3 “I have to do well,” says the 19-year-old, now a second-year student at Cornell University. “I owe it to my parents in Vietnam.” owe it toowe it to Intensive Study

10. 4 Kim-Chi is part of a wave of bright, highly-motivated Asian- Americans who are suddenly surging into our best colleges. Although Asian-Americans make up only 2.4 percent of the nation’ population, they constitute 17.1 percent of the undergraduates at Harvard, 18 percent at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and 27.3 percent at the University of California at Berkeley. Kim-Chi is part of a wave of bright, highly-motivated Asian- Americans who are suddenly surging into our best collegesKim-Chi is part of a wave of bright, highly-motivated Asian- Americans who are suddenly surging into our best colleges 5 Why are Asian-Americans doing so well? Are they grinds, as some stereotypes suggest? Do they have higher IQs? Or can we learn a lesson from them about values we have long treasured but may have misplaced – like hard work, the family and education? stereotypes Intensive Study

11. 6 Not all Asians are doing equally well; poorly-educated Cambodian refugee children, for instance, often need special help. And many Asian-Americans resent being labeled a “model minority,” feeling that this is reverse discrimination by white Americans – a contrast to the laws that excluded most Asian immigrants from the US until 1965, but prejudice nevertheless. labeledthe laws that excluded most Asian immigrantslabeledthe laws that excluded most Asian immigrants Intensive Study

12. 7 The young Asians’ achievements have led to a series of fascinating studies. Perhaps the most disturbing results come from the research carried out by a University of Michigan psychologist, Harold W. Stevenson, who has compared more than 7,000 students in kindergarten, first grade, third grade and fifth grade in Chicago and Minneapolis with counterparts in Beijing, Taipei and Sendai. On a battery of math tests, the Americans did worst at all grade levels. counterparts 8 Stevenson found no differences in IQ. But if the differences in performance are showing up in kindergarten, it suggests something is happening in the family, even before the children get to school. Intensive Study

13. 9 It is here that various researchers’ different studies converge: Asian parents are motivating their children better. “The bottom line is, Asian kids work hard,” Stevenson says. It is here that various researchers’ different studies convergebottom line It is here that various researchers’ different studies convergebottom line 10 The real question, then, is how Asian parents imbue their offspring with this kind of motivation. Stevenson’s study suggests a critical answer. When asked why they think their children do well, most Asian parents said “hard work.” By contrast, American parents said “talent.” imbue their offspring with this kind of motivationimbue their offspring with this kind of motivation Intensive Study

14. 11 “From what I can see,” criticizes Stevenson, “we’ve lost our faith in the idea that we can all get ahead in life through hard work. Instead, Americans now believe that some kids have what it takes and some don’t. So we start dividing up classes into ‘fast learners’ and ‘slow learners’, whereas the Chinese and Japanese feel all children can succeed in the same curriculum.” Americans now believe that some kids have what it takes and some don’twhereasAmericans now believe that some kids have what it takes and some don’twhereas Intensive Study

15. 12 This belief in hard work is the first of three main factors contributing to Asian students’ outstanding performance. It springs from Asians’ common heritage of Confucianism, the philosophy of the 5th-century-BC Chinese sage whose teachings have had a profound influence on Chinese society. One of Confucius’s primary teachings is that through effort, people can perfect themselves. springs fromsprings from Intensive Study

16. 13 Confucianism provides another important ingredient in the Asians’ success as well. In Confucian philosophy, the family plays a central role — an orientation that leads people to work for the honor of the family, not just for themselves. One can never repay one’s parents, and there’s a sense of obligation or even guilt that is as strong a force among Asians as Protestant philosophy is in the West. Intensive Study

17. 14 There’s yet another major factor in this bond between Asian parents and their children. During the 15 years I lived in China, Japan, and Vietnam, I noticed that Asian parents establish a closer physical tie to their infants than most parents in the United States. When I let my baby daughter crawl on the floor, for example, my Chinese friends were horrified and rushed to pick her up. We think this constant attention is old-fashioned or even unhealthy, but for Asians, it’s highly effective. Asian parents establish a closer physical tie to their infants than most parents in the United StatesAsian parents establish a closer physical tie to their infants than most parents in the United States 15 Can we learn anything from the Asians? “I’m not naive enough to think everything in Asia can be transplanted,” says Stevenson. But he offered three recommendations. Intensive Study

18. 16 “To start with,” he says, “we need to set higher standards for our kids. We wouldn’t expect them to become professional athletes without practicing hard.” 17 Second, American parents need to become more committed to their children’s education, he declares. “Being understanding when a child doesn’t do well isn’t enough.” Stevenson found that Asian parents spend more time helping their children with homework or writing to their teachers than American parents do. American parents need to become more committed to their children’s educationAmerican parents need to become more committed to their children’s education Intensive Study

19. 18 And, third, our schools could be reorganized in simple but effective ways, says Stevenson. Nearly 90 percent of Chinese youngsters say they actually enjoy school, and 60 percent can’t wait for school vacations to end. This is a vastly more positive attitude than youngsters in the US express. One reason may be that students in China and Japan typically have a break after each class, helping them to relax and to increase their attention spans. can’t wait forattention spanscan’t wait forattention spans Intensive Study

20. 19 “I don’t think Asians are any smarter,” says Don Lee, an Asian-American student at Berkeley. “There are brilliant Americans in my chemistry class. But the Asian students work harder. I see a lot of wasted potential among the Americans.”potential (975 Words) Intensive Study

21. passage n. — (cost of a ticket for) a journey by ship or plane from one place to another e.g. He is too poor to afford a passage home.He is too poor to afford a passage home. Oliver has booked a passage to New York.Oliver has booked a passage to New York.

22. safety n. — a place where one is safe from a particular danger e.g. The firefighters were busy helping survivors to safety.The firefighters were busy helping survivors to safety. They ran to safety, away from the fire.They ran to safety, away from the fire.

23. make it (to somewhere) — succeed in getting somewhere usu. in time to do sth., or in doing sth.,or getting sth. wanted e.g. Despite the heavy rain, she made it to the airport just in time to catch her plane.Despite the heavy rain, she made it to the airport just in time to catch her plane. After failing three times in the exams, Jack feels he will never make it in computer.After failing three times in the exams, Jack feels he will never make it in computer. Translate你能准时来参加会议吗？ Key Will you be able to make it to the meeting on time? Will you be able to make it to the meeting on time?

24. cope with — manage successfully; be able to deal with (sth. difficult, unpleasant, etc.) e.g. Poor families have to cope with a lot of problems.Poor families have to cope with a lot of problems. cope with the water shortage/ his rival / the budget deficitcope with the water shortage/ his rival / the budget deficit

25. foster a. giving or receiving parental care although not related legally or by blood v.to bring up Cf.adopt —take a child of other parents, as approved by law, and bring up as one’s own child — take a child of other parents, as approved by law, and bring up as one’s own childe.g. Many childless couples adopt homeless orphans. Many childless couples adopt homeless orphans. e.g. With a home full of foster children she was always busy. With a home full of foster children she was always busy. She decided to foster the abandoned child despite her difficulties in her life. She decided to foster the abandoned child despite her difficulties in her life.

26. owe … to — have (sth. good) because of (sth./sb.) e.g. I owe my knowledge of music to my mother. I owe my knowledge of music to my mother. I owe it to my friends that I have been able to finish this work. I owe it to my friends that I have been able to finish this work.

27. e.g. a wave of new comersa wave of new comers a wave of buyinga wave of buying a wave of terrorisma wave of terrorism 大量的新来者 一阵抢购的狂潮 一股恐怖主义的浪潮 a wave of — an unusually large number of More to learn More to learn

28. Kim-Chi is part of a wave of bright, highly-motivated Asian-Americans who are suddenly surging into our best colleges. Paraphrase:? Kim-Chi is part of a wave of brilliant, ambitious Asian immigrants who are rushing into our best colleges.

29. stereotype n. — a fixed general image, characteristic, etc. that is believed to represent a particular type of person or thing e.g. Young and modern, she does not fit the stereotype of a woman who spends all her time doing housework. Young and modern, she does not fit the stereotype of a woman who spends all her time doing housework. What’s the stereotype of a grind? What’s the stereotype of a grind? More to learn More to learn

30. … as some stereotypes suggest? Paraphrase:? like the general impression created by some typical Asian Americans

31. label v. — put into a particular kind or class; describe as e.g. His neighbors labeled him a thief.His neighbors labeled him a thief. He was labeled a snob.He was labeled a snob. Translate对手将他描述为奶油小生。 Key His rival labeled him a cream puff. His rival labeled him a cream puff.

32. U.S. immigration laws against Asians Asians’ overseas migration has been limited by both natural and artificial factors. The Chinese, earliest to arrive, and the Japanese were long victims of racial discrimination. They suffered from the discriminatory laws that limited and excluded the Asian immigrants from the United States. The Chinese Exclusive Act in 1882 suspended Chinese immigration for 10 years. In 1965, a law was passed to allow immigrants from Asia to the United States. Text-related information

33. counterpart n. — a person or thing that has a similar function or position in another place or organization e.g. the Foreign Minister and his French counterpartthe Foreign Minister and his French counterpart the Prime Minister and his European counterpartsthe Prime Minister and his European counterparts the English Merchant Bank and its American counterpart, the Wall Street Investment Bankthe English Merchant Bank and its American counterpart, the Wall Street Investment Bank

34. converge vi. — (tend to) become similar or identical e.g. Our previously opposed views are beginning to converge. Our previously opposed views are beginning to converge. Their ideas seem to be converging. Their ideas seem to be converging. More to learn More to learn

35. The structure it is/was … that/who … can be used to emphasize the main point of a sentence. It is here that various researchers’ different studies converge… e.g. The various studies converge here. The various studies converge here. → It is here that the various studies converge. We made all these sacrifices for you. We made all these sacrifices for you. → It was for you that we made all these sacrifices. More to do More to do

36. Drills Rewrite the sentences below as it is/was … that/who … sentences. The idea to be emphasized in each one appears in colored letters. We organized this volunteer group for the benefit of the old people in the neighborhood. 1. We organized this volunteer group for the benefit of the old people in the neighborhood. 2. We realize how far we have come only when we look back. 3.His secretary does all the work. It was for the benefit of the old people in the neighborhood that we organized this volunteer group. It is only when we look back that we realized how far we have come. It is his secretary who does all the work. It is here that various researchers’ different studies converge… More to learn More to learn

37. It is here that various researchers’ different studies converge… Paraphrase:? It is on this point that various researchers’ different studies become identical.

38. bottom line — the deciding or crucial factor; the essential point e.g. The bottom line is that we need another ten thousand dollars to complete the project.The bottom line is that we need another ten thousand dollars to complete the project.

39. imbue with — fill … with …(a kind of idea, feeling, etc.) e.g. She tries to imbue her husband with a sense of responsibility.She tries to imbue her husband with a sense of responsibility. She tries to imbue her children with sympathy.She tries to imbue her children with sympathy. Key丘吉尔努力地激起英国人的爱国心。 Translate Churchill tried hard to imbue Englishmen with patriotism.

40. have what it takes — have the right qualities or skills required for success e.g. I don’t think Rebecca has what it takes to be a ballet dancer. I don’t think Rebecca has what it takes to be a ballet dancer. Do you have what it takes to become a general manager? Do you have what it takes to become a general manager? More to learn More to learn

41. …, Americans now believe that some kids have what it takes and some don’t. Paraphrase:? Americans now think that some kids have the right qualities required for success and some don’t.

42. whereas conj. — while at the same time; while on the contrary e.g. The elephant weighs about 3,600 kg.The elephant weighs about 3,600 kg. The blue whale weighs up to 130,000 kg. Whereas the elephant weighs about 3,600 kg, the blue whale weighs up to 130,000 kg. More to do More to do

43. Drills Combine the following sentences using the conjunction whereas. 1. The word “youngster” has a cheerful connotation. “Offspring” sounds rather clinical. 2. Confucianism emphasizes family ties. Protestantism teaches individual responsibility. Whereas the word “youngster” has a cheerful connotation, “offspring” sounds rather clinical. Whereas Confucianism emphasizes family ties, Protestantism teaches individual responsibility. whereas conj. — while at the same time; while on the contrary

44. spring from — result from; have one’s origin in e.g. Her doubts spring from too much experience of failure.Her doubts spring from too much experience of failure. Her unhappiness springs from her pursuit of fame and wealth.Her unhappiness springs from her pursuit of fame and wealth.

45. tie n. — a connection, relationship, or feeling that links a person with another person, a place, etc. e.g. The tie between mother and childThe tie between mother and child I no longer feel any ties with my hometown.I no longer feel any ties with my hometown. More to learn More to learn

46. … Asian parents establish a closer physical tie to their infants than most parents in the United States. Paraphrase:? Asian parents take more bodily care of their infants than most parents in the U.S. do.

47. American parents need to become more committed to their children’s education. Paraphrase:? American parents should take on more responsibilities for their children’s education.

48. can’t wait for sth./ to do sth. — be very excited about sth. and eager for sth./ to do sth. e.g. He couldn’t wait to tell the good news to his parents.He couldn’t wait to tell the good news to his parents. All kids couldn’t wait for the Spring Festival to come.All kids couldn’t wait for the Spring Festival to come.

49. e.g. life spanlife span memory spanmemory span span of knowledgespan of knowledge 寿命 记忆力保持时间 知识面 span n. — the length of time between two dates or events or during which sth. exists or functions

50. e.g. industrial potentialindustrial potential acting potentialacting potential potential customerpotential customer potential resourcespotential resources 工业潜力 表演潜力 潜在的顾客 potential a. & n. — the inherent ability or capacity for growth, development, or coming into being 潜在的资源

51. VocabularyVocabularyVocabulary ClozeClozeCloze TranslationTranslationTranslation Structure WritingStructure WritingStructure WritingStructure Writing Guided Practice

52. Vocabulary III. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary. 1. Please _____ all the boxes clearly so that we’ll know which ones are ours and which belong to you. 2.It’s not a simple question. Many different factors have _____ to create the current crisis. recommendationconvergesacrificehorrifysurgelabeltransplantconstituteresentbond prejudice Ex. III, p. 47 《读写教程 II 》 : Ex. III, p. 47  label  converged

53. Vocabulary III. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary. 3.I can never repay my parents for the many _____ they made for me. 4.Research shows that humor and fear are two excellent ways to _____ students. recommendationconvergesacrificehorrifysurgelabeltransplantconstituteresentbond prejudice  sacrifices  motivate

54. Vocabulary III. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary. 5.At first tea was produced only in China; it was later _____ to India and Japan. 6. The sight of the animals’ sufferings so _____ him that he vowed never to visit the zoo again. recommendationconvergesacrificehorrifysurgelabeltransplantconstituteresentbond prejudice  transplanted  horrified

55. Vocabulary III. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary. 7.A mother’s _____ with her newborn baby is an infinitely deep one that nothing can replace. 8.In Australia, women _____ 51% of the population, but occupy only 19% of the managerial positions. recommendationconvergesacrificehorrifysurgelabeltransplantconstituteresentbond prejudice  bond  constitute

56. Vocabulary III. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary. 9.Thousands of striking workers _____ into the city square, demanding higher wages and better working conditions. 10.There was a deep-rooted racial _____ long before the two countries became rivals and went to war. recommendationconvergesacrificehorrifysurgelabeltransplantconstituteresentbond prejudice  surged  prejudice

57. Vocabulary III. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary. 11.Mary _____ having to go to work while her husband sits about the house all day. 12.Not all of the author’s _____ for improving students’ performance at school are logical. recommendationconvergesacrificehorrifysurgelabeltransplantconstituteresentbond prejudice  resents  recommendations

58. Cloze XIII.Choose the most appropriate words and expressions to fill the blanks in the passage below. Change the form where necessary. Ex. XIII, p. 53 《读写教程 II 》 : Ex. XIII, p. 53 immigrantfactor offspring obligationguilt excel horrify guilty motivate discrimination owerepay vast resentfurthermore althoughbuthowever in fact one day somedaythan

59. Cloze William Liu, who came to the United States as a youngster in 1946, views the Asian-American experience somewhat differently. As a new _____, he says, he felt a lot of pressure to excel, but for different reasons _____ Stevenson mentions. “Stevenson’s studies discuss the Confucian-style sense of _____ to one’s parents, whereas I was largely _____ by prejudice,” he says. “Anti-Asian feeling was quite _____ in America at that time. I couldn’t be just average; if I wasn’t obviously better than other people, I was considered worse.” immigrant than obligation motivated widespread

60. Cloze Liu’s point is a compelling one; _____, it doesn’t explain everything. Liu is now learning that his children grew up with similar feelings of pressure, _____ the wartime _____ against Asians had become largely a thing of the past before they were born. “My son is studying medicine, ___________ I knew he really wanted to be a banker,” Liu says. “ _______ I asked him why he chose medical school instead of banking. He told me, ‘All my life I heard you congratulating friends whose kids got into medical school. So I felt _____. I didn’t have any choice.’” Liu was ________. “I never meant to make my children feel they had to _____ me for anything. But this sense that you ____ your parents everything seems nearly irresistible.” however although discrimination but/although One day guilty horrified owe repay

61. Translation 1. 我们班女生占大多数。相比之下，他们的班级全由男生组成。 constitute Female students constitute the majority of our class. By contrast, their class is made up of males only. by contrast be made up of boys XII.Translate the following sentences into English. Ex. XII, p. 53 《读写教程 II 》 : Ex. XII, p. 53

62. 2. 美国孩子通常每天看三小时电视，而中国孩子必须将放学后的大部分 时间用于做家庭作业。 whereas American kids can usually watch TV three hours a day, whereas their Chinese counterparts have to do their homework most of the time after school. their Chinese counterparts most of the time XII.Translate the following sentences into English. Translation

63. 3. 他开发的一系列新研究方法使他获得了巨大的成功。他说这一切都得 归功于他父母的鼓励。 a series of His development of a series of new research methods led to his huge success. He said that he owed all this to his parents’ encouragement. lead to owe … to … XII.Translate the following sentences into English. Translation

64. 4. 讨论直接涉及到他的未来，而他却被排斥在外，对此他表示愤慨。 concern He resented being excluded from discussions that directly concerned his future. be excluded from resent XII.Translate the following sentences into English. Translation

65. 5. 这些问题连续不断地出现，这表明这台新仪器必须重新调试。 show up The fact that these problems are continually showing up suggests that this new device must be readjusted. suggest readjust XII.Translate the following sentences into English. Translation

66. 6. 张华是近年来涌入美国一流大学的亚裔学生之一，他说他的许多思 想都基于传统的中国哲学。 surge into As one of the Asian students who have surged into the best American universities in recent years, Zhang Hua says that many of his ideas are based on the traditional Chinese philosophy. be based on Chinese philosophy XII.Translate the following sentences into English. Translation

67. 7. 首先，杨先生如此努力工作并非只是为了钱。他一心为了教育青年 人并设法激励他们在各方面都取得进步。 be committed to To start with, it is not merely money that makes Mr.Yang work so hard. He is committed to educating the young and tries to motivate them to get ahead in life. motivate get ahead in life XII.Translate the following sentences into English. Translation

68. 8. 我们剩下的时间不多了，于是我们把车开得更快，希望能及时赶到 机场。 time was running out As time was running out, we drove even faster in hopes that we could make it to the airport in time. in hopes that make it to XII.Translate the following sentences into English. Translation

69. Structured Writing Now try to write a list paragraph of your own, using similar organization markers as in the reading passage. Introduction graduates / our university / gratitude to their English teachers / three main ways every holiday season / beautiful cards and gifts whenever they can / invite teachers / dinner / fine restaurants recite / most beautiful sentence form their textbook / “through the act of giving/ fullest strength and power” Graduates from our university express their gratitude to their English teachers in three main ways. To start with, every holiday they send them beautiful cards and gifts. Second, whenever they can, they invite their teachers out to dinner in fine restaurants. And third, you can frequently hear them recite the most beautiful sentence form their English textbook: “It is through the act of giving that we realize our fullest strength and power.”

70. Structured Writing Here are some topics for you to choose from. Write your own list paragraph based on one of them. Students admire their English teachers / three main reasons three pieces of advice for smokers three suggestions for learning efficiently two or three recommendations to help you get up earlier in the morning more details more details more details more details

71. list hard work and dedication / inspiring wonderfully creative lessons / motivation warmly human character / bond of friendship / forever Structured Writing

72. Students at our university admire their English teachers for three main reasons. To start with, the teachers’ hard work and dedication are highly inspiring to us. Second, the wonderfully creative lessons they prepare give us strong motivation to study as hard as we should. And third, our teachers’ warmly human character creates a bond of friendship that will last forever. A Sample Paragraph

73. Assignment 1.Ex. VI, p. 50 2.Ex. VII, p. 50 3.Ex. VIII, p. 51 4.Ex. XII, p. 53 5.Ex. XIII, p. 53