1. Diabetes in Pregnancy
Screening

2. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Screening Guidelines
Diabetes risk assessment
High risk
Screen at confirmation of pregnancy
Positive for GDM
Negative for GDM
Average to low risk
Screen at 24 to 28 weeks gestation
Treat
Postpartum
Screen for diabetes at 6-12 weeks1,2
Lifelong screening for diabetes every 3 years3
Prediabetes
Diabetes
Normoglycemia
Treat3
1. AACE. Endocr Pract. 2011;17(2): ADA. Diabetes Care. 2013;36(suppl 1):S11-S66.

3. Diabetes in Pregnancy: Risk Factors
Criteria for Early Prenatal Diabetes Testing1,2,3 (screen patients at pregnancy confirmation)
Inactive/sedentary lifestyle
First-degree relative (parent or sibling) with diabetes
High-risk race/ethnicity (eg, African American, Latino, Native American, Asian American, Pacific Islander)
History of gestational diabetes mellitus or previous delivery of a large baby (>9 lbs)
Hypertension (blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg)
HDL cholesterol level <35 mg/dL and/or triglyceride levels >250 mg/dL
History of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
A1C ≥5.7%, impaired fasting glucose (IFG), or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) on a previous diabetes screening test
Other clinical conditions associated with insulin resistance (eg, severe obesity, acanthosis nigricans)
History of cardiovascular disease
Low maternal birth weight (<4 lbs 7 oz)
1. AACE. Endocr Pract. 2011;17(2): ADA. Diabetes Care. 2013;36(suppl 1):S11-S Innes et al. JAMA. 2002;287(19):

4. GDM Diagnosis
2 Approaches for Diagnosing Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM)
AACE- and ADA- recommended
1-step 75-g 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) 1,2 or
ACOG- recommended
2 steps: a 50-g 1-hour glucose challenge test (GCT), followed by
a 100-g 3-hour OGTT (if necessary)3
GDM Diagnostic Criteria for OGTT Testing
75-g 2-hour†
100-g 3-hour*
Fasting plasma glucose (FPG)
≥92 mg/dL (5.1 mmol/L)2
≥95 mg/dL (5.3 mmol/L)2
1-hour post-challenge glucose
≥180 mg/dL (10.0 mmol/L)2
2-hour post-challenge glucose
≥153 mg/dL (8.5 mmol/L2
≥155 mg/dL (8.6 mmol/L)2
3-hour post-challenge glucose
≥140 mg/dL (7.8 mmol/L)2
†A positive diagnosis requires that test results satisfy any one of these criteria
*A positive diagnosis requires that ≥2 thresholds are met or exceeded
AACE. Endocr Pract. 2011;17(2):1-53.
ADA. Diabetes Care. 2013;36(suppl 1):11-66.
Committee on Obstetric Practice. ACOG. 2011;504:1-3.

5. Diabetes in Pregnancy: Established Diabetes
All women of childbearing age diagnosed with T1DM or T2DM should receive:
Preconception diabetes counseling, including information on the risks of uncontrolled diabetes during pregnancy1
Preconception evaluation and treatment of diabetes-related complications1
Counseling on medications contraindicated during pregnancy1,2
These include statins, angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), and most non-insulin antihyperglycemic agents
Counseling on effective contraception for all who wish to avoid pregnancy1
(Slide 1 of 2)
ADA. Diabetes Care. 2013;36(suppl 1):S11-S66.
Kitzmiller JL, et al. Diabetes Care. 2008;31(5):

6. Diabetes in Pregnancy: Established Diabetes
All women of childbearing age diagnosed with T1DM or T2DM should receive:
Intensive pre- and post-conception A1C monitoring
50% risk reduction in adverse pregnancy outcomes for every 1% decrease in A1C prior to conception1
Weekly A1C testing after conception can greatly improve glycemic monitoring2
ADA recommends preconception A1C <7.0%3
AACE recommends preconception A1C <6.1%4
Potential contraindications to pregnancy:
Ischemic heart disease, untreated active proliferative retinopathy, renal insufficiency, and severe gastroenteropathy5
(Slide 2 of 2)
Mathiesen ER, et al. Endocrinol Metab Clin N Am. 2011;40:
Jovanovic L. Diabetes Care. 2011;34(1):53-54.
3. ADA. Diabetes Care. 2013;36(suppl 1):S11-S66.
AACE. Endocr Pract. 2011;17(2):1-53.
Jovanovic L, et al. Mt Sinai J Med. 2009;76(3):