1. SANRAL Overload Damage Quantification Louw Kannemeyer

2. Slide 2 Pavement Damage Non-Traffic Associated Damage Rainfall (Moisture) – Materials Strength Reduced Ultra Violet Radiation – Ageing of Surface Materials Traffic Associated Damage Axle Loads - Overloading Tire Pressure – New Tire Technology

3. Slide 3 Axle Loads Legal Limits Effective Enforcement Network of Traffic Control Centers Operated 24 hours 365 days a year Zero Tolerance to offenders RTMC Mantsole TCC – N1 North of Pretoria 9,0 Tons 7,7 Tons TRAFFIC ASSOCIATED DAMAGE Axle Loads - Control

4. Slide 4 Tire Pressure Not Practical to Specify Legal Limits Technology Improvements Driven by Quest for Economic Efficiency Improved Design Procedures & Materials Through Research Accelerated Pavement Testing (APT) Stress-In-Motion (SIM) Stress In Motion HVS VI+ TRAFFIC ASSOCIATED DAMAGE Tire Pressure

5. Slide 5 Toll Concessions - Background The risk associated with the damage caused by overloaded axles remain with the Implementing Authority – SANRAL Additional damage caused by overloaded axles impacts the concessionaire as follow: Time-shift Costs: planned maintenance and rehabilitation actions have to be performed earlier than originally planned due to the higher number of axles applied, this results in the concessionaire having to secure funding earlier, which results in interest payments over longer period than originally planned, Additional Strengthening Costs: the additional axles due to overloading consume pavement structural life, resulting in additional strengthening required to ensure pavement lasts for the concession period.

6. Slide 6 Overload Damage - Cost Recovery Load P Legal portion Overloaded portion Actual field condition Damage Determined by P and pavement sensitivity Cost Cost recovery Compensation Toll

7. Slide 7 Methodology The approach is based on comparing the without overloading to the with overloading scenario, taking into consideration the load sensitivity of the specific road pavement structures on these road sections – based on published results - field observations will introduced complex construction related variables, Based on collaboration between various parties involved: Concessionaires with his Technical Specialists CSIR Africon Prof Christo van As SANRAL

8. Slide 8 Equivalent Damage Calculation: With Overloading Axle load interval Axle counts Legal axle load n1n1 n2n2 nini nknk nlnl Axle load interval LEF Legal axle load LEF 1 LEF 2 LEF i LEF k Axle load histogramLoad equivalency x LEF l AASHTO METHOD: Published values of load sensitivity for generic road pavement types according the AASHTO procedure used internationally, SOUTH AFRICAN MECHANISTIC DESIGN METHOD (SAMDM): Mechanistic-empirical modelling using the South African Mechanistic Design Method

9. Slide 9 Equivalent Damage Calculation: Without Overloading Axle load interval Axle counts Legal axle load n1n1 n2n2 nini nknk nlnl Axle load interval LEF Legal axle load LEF 1 LEF 2 LEF i Axle load histogramLoad equivalency x LEF l Axle Load Histogram: Based on the actual measured traffic axle load data obtained to date using Weigh–- In-Motion (WIM) technology.

10. Slide 10 Time Shift Costs No Overloading With Overloading

11. Slide 11 Additional Strengthening Cost

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