2. History Originated in African- American urban culture as a greeting Gained popularity around 1980 in sports (baseball and basketball) for use as a congratulations Went mainstream in 80’s Now a worldwide gesture used for congratulations, celebration, greeting, etc.

3. Description Wanted to find out how strangers would respond to us offering them a high five Wanted to further explore their responses by comparing: – How males react to how females react – How people react to someone in casual attire to how they react to someone in Flyers attire

4. Procedure Collected our data by offering high fives to every third person and recording their response (high five or no high five) and their gender – Cory – casual attire, “hey high five,” went first – Vinny – Flyers attire, “let’s go Flyers,” went second Did this in Montgomery Mall, Valley Square Shopping Center, and Doylestown (Main Street, State Street, and Court Street) Tests of significance: – 1 Proportion Z Test on proportion of people who DID high five Ho: p 0 =.2 Ha: p 0 >.2 – 2 Proportion Z Test on proportion of males who DID high five vs. females who DID high five Ho: p male = p female Ha: p male > p female – 2 Proportion Z Test on proportion of people who high fived Cory in a casual shirt vs. Vinny in a Flyers shirt Ho: p regular = p flyers Ha: p regular < p flyers

5. Montgomery Mall Majority of females responded with no high five – Same for casual and Flyers Majority of males responded with a high five for Flyers – Opposite for casual Males responded with a high five more than females – Same for casual and Flyers Montgomery Mall CasualFlyers YesNoYesNo Male57113 Female4946

6. Valley Square Majority of females responded with a high five – Same for casual and flyers Majority of males responded with a high five for Flyers – Opposite for casual Males responded with a high five more than females for Flyers – Opposite for casual Valley Square CasualFlyers YesNoYesNo Male6482 Female41259

7. Doylestown Majority of females responded with no high five – Same for casual and Flyers Majority of males responded with a high five – Same for casual and Flyers Males responded with a high five more than females – Same for casual and Flyers Doylestown CasualFlyers YesNoYesNo Male56111 Female7586

8. Analysis Majority of females in Doylestown and in Montgomery Mall responded with no high five – Female patterns were always same for casual and flyers Majority of males everywhere responded with a high five for Flyers Majority of males in Montgomery Mall and in Valley Square responded with no high five for casual

9. Conclusions If you are a white, average-looking young man in Greater Philadelphia Region (specifically Bucks County/Montgomery County)… – Majority of females will not high five you – Majority of males will not high five you… UNLESS you are obviously a Flyers fan! Males in Doylestown are most friendly to strangers – Females are least friendly Females in Valley Square are most friendly to strangers

10. Test #1: 1 Proportion Z Test Assumptions: State: 1.SRS 2.n 0 p 0 ≥ 10 n 0 (1 − p 0 ) ≥ 10 3.pop ≥ 10n Check: 1.Assumed 2.148*.53 = 78.44 ≥ 10 148*.47 = 69.56 ≥ 10 3.Passed

11. Test #1: 1 Proportion Z Test P (z ≥ 9.946) < 0.0001 = 9.946 We reject Ho because p-value is < α =.05. We have sufficient evidence that the proportion of people who responded with a high five is greater than.20. Ho: p 0 =.2 Ha: p 0 >.2

12. Test #1 Chart Percentage of people who responded with a high five is higher than those who responded with no high five

13. Test #2: 2 Proportion Z Test Assumptions: State: 1.2 independent SRS 2.n 1 p 1 ≥ 10 n 1 (1 − p 1 ) ≥ 10 n 2 p 2 ≥ 10 n 2 (1 − p 2 ) ≥ 10 3.pop 1 ≥ 10n pop 2 ≥ 10n Check: 1.Assumed 2.69*.67 = 46.23 ≥ 10 69*.33 = 22.77 ≥ 10 79*.41 = 32.39 ≥ 10 79*.59 = 46.61 ≥ 10 3.Passed

14. Test #2: 2 Proportion Z Test P (z ≥ 3.18) = 0.00074 = 3.18 We reject Ho because p-value is < α =.05. We have sufficient evidence that the proportion of males who responded with a high five is greater than the proportion of females who responded with a high five. Ho: p male = p female Ha: p male > p female

15. Test #2 Graph Percentage of males who responded with a high five is higher than the percentage of females who responded with a high five

16. Test #3: 2 Proportion Z Test Assumptions: State: 1.2 independent SRS 2.n 1 p 1 ≥ 10 n 1 (1 − p 1 ) ≥ 10 n 2 p 2 ≥ 10 n 2 (1 − p 2 ) ≥ 10 3.pop 1 ≥ 10n pop 2 ≥ 10n Check: 1.Assumed 2.74*.42 = 31.08 ≥ 10 74*.58 = 42.92 ≥ 10 74*.64 = 47.36 ≥ 10 74*.36 = 26.64 ≥ 10 3.Passed

17. Test #3: 2 Proportion Z Test P (z ≤ -2.634) = 0.0042 = -2.634 We reject Ho because p-value is < α =.05. We have sufficient evidence that the proportion of people who responded with a high five to someone in Flyers attire is greater than the proportion of people who responded with a high five to someone in casual attire. Ho: p regular = p flyers Ha: p regular < p flyers

18. Test #3 Graph Percentage of people who to responded with a high five to someone in Flyers attire is higher than percentage of people who responded with a high five to someone in casual attire

19. Conclusions (Inf.) More than half of all people in Greater Philadelphia Area (Bucks County and Montgomery County specifically) will respond to the offer of a high five with a high five Males in this area are more likely to respond with a high five than females People in this area are more likely to respond to someone in a Flyers shirt with a high five than someone in casual attire

20. Application 53% of all people responded with a high five Knowing this, we are now more likely to offer a high five to a stranger – Greater than 50% chance that they will accept – Why would we do this? It’s fun It’s an easy way to meet friendly people

21. Sources of Bias/Error Weather - more people would have been outside (Doylestown, Valley Square) if it was nicer out Odor- some areas smelled bad (Valley Square next to DSW) causing people not to be there Mood - someone would have been more inclined to respond with a high five if they were in a good mood Already saw us doing work – people would have been more inclined to respond with a high five if they knew what we wanted ahead of time (or less inclined if they’re jerks)

22. Sources of Bias/Error (Cont.) Age – children were reluctant to high five us (probably because of a “don’t talk to strangers” mentality) Group – people with SO’s/families seemed more hesitant than individuals Two different people collecting data – people could be more/less inclined to high five us for personal reasons (our appearances, etc.) Fans of a rival team/city – would have been less inclined to high five Vinny

23. Sources of Bias/Error (Cont.) Flyers were in Stanley Cup Finals during data collection – caused fans to be “flyered up” and therefore more likely to high five Vinny Flyers played later that night – fans would have been more likely to high five Vinny Outcome of Flyers game night before– fans could have been more/less likely to high five Vinny depending on if they won/lost night before (depends on the type of fan) Recording same person more than once – repeats were more likely to respond with a high five again Knowing someone – acquaintances were more likely to respond with a high five than a stranger

24. Personal Opinion Results could be more accurate – Remove sources of error Go places… – Big enough to not have any repeats – Far away enough from home to not know anyone Have one person only collect data (change into Flyers shirt) and other only record data Just wouldn’t be as much fun if we changed it – We actually had a good time with this project – Collecting data was enjoyable

25. Activity Introduction Some people gave sloppy high fives – Weak effort – Resulted in near misses Can be embarrassing for both parties People need instruction…

26. Activity Perfect High Five Technique 1.Turn to your neighbor 2.Stare at their elbow 3.High five them repeatedly Works every time!

27. FIN