1. Alan Eife and Jake Cramer

2. What We Did  We wanted to see how many people would pick up a recyclable at different locations and see if the environment (Valley Square, Montgomery Mall and Meyer Way Park) had any affect on the number of people who picked up the recyclable. We also tested to see if the type of recyclable (water bottle and can) had any affect on whether people were more inclined to pick up the litter.

3. Procedure  To do this we placed a recyclable near its respected waste bin and watched pedestrians as they walked by and recorded the gender of the person and whether or not they picked up the recyclable  Because of the nature of our data, all of our data was qualitative

4. History of Recycling  Definition-the processing of used or waste material so that it can be used again, instead of being wasted  Recycling is a key component of modern waste reduction or the Three R’s  “Reduce, Reuse, Recycle”  Recyclable materials include many kinds of glass, paper, metal, plastic, textiles, and electronics  Recycling has been a common practice for most of human history, dating as far back as 400 b.c.

5. History  Back when new materials were scarce, households had less waste, meaning that they recycled waste as new goods  Recycling is encouraged even more during wartimes when most resources were focused towards the war  First recycling mill in USA was Waste Techniques, built in Conshohocken, Pennsylvania in 1972  FirstEnergy's recycling facility at the Bruce Mansfield Plant in Shippingport, Pennsylvania is the largest in the USA  Philadelphia has been rated as the #1 most recycling city in the nation

6. Government Involvement  National Government oversees national recycling goals and regulations  More specific regulation and goals come from a state level  Some states ban recyclable goods in landfills  Some even offer rewards for recycling bottled goods at 5 cents a can  American Recycles Day- November 15  Earth Day- April 22

7. Recycling Stats  251 million – tons of trash in the United States  53.4 – percentage of all paper products recycled in the United States  32.5 – percentage of total waste that is recycled in the United States  100 – approximate percentage of increase in total recycling in the United States during the past decade  8,660 – number of curbside recycling programs in the United States in 2006  8,875 – number of curbside recycling programs in the United States in 2003  95 – percentage of energy saved by recycling an aluminum can, compared with manufacturing a new one  4.6 – pounds of trash per person per day in the United States (most in the world)  1.5 – pounds of recycled materials per person per day in the United States

8. Valley Square-Bottle

9. CHECK State Check  1. Categorical Data  2. Simple Random Sample  3. All expected values greater than or equal to 5  1. Chart Shows  2. Assumed  3. All expected values greater than 5 All Conditions Met, Chi Square Distribution, Chi Square Test for Independence Ho: No association between gender and picking up recyclable Ha: There is an association between gender and picking up recyclable

10. Chi-Square Test for Independence (47-47.8)²+ (21-20.2)²+…=.0992 47.8 20.2 P(sdf >.0992|DF=1)=.75277 We fail to reject Ho because P-value of.75277 is > alpha=.05 We have sufficient evidence that there is no association between gender and picking up recyclable

11. Valley Square-Can

12. CHECK StateCheck  1. Categorical Data  2. Simple Random Sample  3. All expected values greater than or equal to 5  1. Chart Shows  2. Assumed  3. All expected values greater than 5 All Conditions Met, Chi Square Distribution, Chi Square Test for Independence Ho: No association between gender and picking up recyclable Ha: There is an association between gender and picking up recyclable

13. Chi-Square Test for Independence (39-44.5)²+ (27-21.5)²+…=4.4227 44.5 21.5 P(sdf >4.4227|DF=1)=.03546 We reject Ho because p-value of.03456 < alpha =.05 We have sufficient evidence that there is no association between gender and picking up a recyclable

14. Mall- Bottle

15. CHECK State Check  1. Categorical Data  2. Simple Random Sample  3. All expected values greater than or equal to 5  1. Chart Shows  2. Assumed  3. All expected values greater than 5 All Conditions Met, Chi Square Distribution, Chi Square Test for Independence Ho: No association between gender and picking up recyclable Ha: There is an association between gender and picking up recyclable

16. Chi Square Test for Independence (61-63.9)²+ (22-19.1)²+…=1.333 63.9 19.1 P(sdf >1.333|DF=1)=.2483 We fail to reject Ho because p-value of.2483> alpha=.05 We have sufficient evidence that there is no association between gender and picking up a recyclable

17. Mall- Can

18. CHECK State Check  1. Categorical Data  2. Simple Random Sample  3. All expected values greater than or equal to 5  1. Chart Shows  2. Assumed  3. All expected values greater than 5 All Conditions Met, Chi Square Distribution, Chi Square Test for Independence Ho: No association between gender and picking up recyclable Ha: There is an association between gender and picking up recyclable

19. Chi Square Test for Independence (62-63.2)²+ (13-11.8)²+…=.3197 63.2 11.8 P(sdf<.3197|DF=1)=.57 We fail to reject Ho because p=value of.57 >alpha=.05 We have sufficient evidence that there is no association between gender and picking up a recyclable

20. Park- Bottle

21. CHECK State Check  1. Categorical Data  2. Simple Random Sample  3. All expected values greater than or equal to 5  1. Chart Shows  2. Assumed  3. All expected values greater than 5 All Conditions Met, Chi Square Distribution, Chi Square Test for Indepndence Ho: No association between gender and picking up recyclable Ha: There is an association between gender and picking up recyclable

22. Chi Square Test for Independence (26-26.7)²+ (19-18.3)²+…=.09205 26.7 18.3 P(sdf<.09205|DF=1)=.76 We fail to reject Ho because p-value of.76> alpha=.05 We have sufficient evidence that there is no association between gender and picking up a recyclable

23. Park- Can

24. CHECK StateCheck  1. Categorical Data  2. Simple Random Sample  3. All expected values greater than or equal to 5  1. Chart Shows  2. Assumed  3. All expected values greater than 5 All Conditions Met, Chi Square Distribution, Chi Square Test for Independence Ho: No association between gender and picking up recyclable Ha: There is an association between gender and picking up recyclable

25. Chi Square Test for Independence (31-28.3)²+ (12-14.7)²+…=1.493 28.3 14.7 P(sdf>1.493|DF=1)=.22 We fail to reject Ho because p-value of.22>alpha=.05 We have sufficient evidence that there is no association between gender and picking up a recyclable

26. Sex Vs. Pick-up

27. CHECK State Check  1. Categorical Data  2. Simple Random Sample  3. All expected values greater than or equal to 5  1. Chart Shows  2. Assumed  3. All expected values greater than 5 All Conditions Met, Chi Square Distribution, Chi Square Test for Independence Ho: No association between gender and picking up recyclable Ha: There is an association between gender and picking up recyclable

28. Chi Square Test for Independence (262-272.1)²+ (245-234.9)²+…=2.861 272.1 234.9 P(sdf>2.861|DF=1)=.091 We fail to rejcect Ho because p-value of.091> alpha=.05 We have sufficient evidence that there is no association between gender and picking up a recyclable

29. CHECK State Check  1. 2 Independent Simple Random Sample  2.  1. Assumed  2.252.99 106.00 >10 106.00 >10 254.00 254.00 94.99 >10 94.99 >10  3. More than 3590 bottles and 3490 cans 3.

30. 2-Proportion Z Test -1.891 2xP(Z<-1.891)=.091 Ho: P M = P W Ha: P M ≠ P W We fail to reject Ho because p-value of.091>alpha=.05 We have sufficient evidence that average recyclables picked up by women is equal to the average recyclables picked up by men

31. Conclusion-Gender  There is no association between gender and picking up a recyclable  No gender is more inclined to pick up recyclables according to our research

32. Location Vs. Pick-up

33. CHECK StateCheck  1. Categorical Data  2. Simple Random Sample  3. All expected values greater than or equal to 5  1. Chart Shows  2. Assumed  3. All expected values greater than 5 All Conditions Met, Chi Square Distribution, Chi Square Test for Independence Ho: No association between location and picking up recyclable Ha: There is an association between location and picking up recyclable

34. Chi Square Test for Independece (227-206.2)²+ (105-118.9)²+…=13.98 206.2 234.9 P(sdf>13.98|DF=2)=.00092 We reject Ho because p-value of.00092< alpha=.05 We have sufficient evidence that there is an association between location and picking up a recyclable

35. CHECK StateCheck  1. 2 Independent Simple Random Sample  2.  1. Assumed  2.252.99 106.00 >10 106.00 >10 254.00 254.00 94.99 >10 94.99 >10  3. More than 3590 bottles and 3490 cans 3.

36. 2 Proportion Z test Ho: P y = P n Ha: P y < P n 3.523 P(Z>3.523)=.00043 We reject Ho because p-value of.00043<alpha=.05 We have sufficient evidence that the average pick ups per location is less than the average walk bys per location

37. Conclusion-Location  There is an association between location and picking up a recyclable, according to our research  The number of picking up a recyclable is less than the number of walk bys of a recyclable

38. Type of Recyclable Vs. Pick-up

39. CHECK StateCheck  1. Categorical Data  2. Simple Random Sample  3. All expected values greater than or equal to 5  1. Chart Shows  2. Assumed  3. All expected values greater than 5 All Conditions Met, Chi Square Distribution, Chi Square Test for Independence Ho: No association between type of recyclable and picking up recyclable Ha: There is an association between type of recyclable and picking up recyclable

40. Chi Square Test for Independence (253-257.1)²+ (254-249.9)²+…=.4628 257.1 249.9 P(sdf>.4628|DF=1)=.5 We fail to reject Ho because p-value of.5> alpha=.05 We have sufficient evidence that there is no association between type of recyclable and picking up a recyclable

41. CHECK State Check  1. 2 Independent Simple Random Sample  2.  1. Assumed  2.252.99 106.00 >10 106.00 >10 254.00 254.00 94.99 >10 94.99 >10  3. More than 3590 bottles and 3490 cans 3.

42. 2 Proportion Z Test Ho: P B = P C Ha: P B ≠ P C -.6803 2xP(Z<-.6803)=.5 We fail to reject Ho because p-value of.05<alpha=.5 We have sufficient evidence that the average number of bottles picked up is equal to the average number of cans picked up

43. Conclusion-Type of Recyclable  There is no association between the type of recyclable and picking up a recyclable, according to our research  The type of litter should not impact whether or not it is picked up  The average number of bottles picked up should match the average number of cans picked up

44. Application  Everyone is encouraged to recycle/ not pollute  There is a lot of pollution/litter  Some people are conscious about this issue  Keep an eye out for litter, pick it up and dispose of it in its correct container

45. Sources of Bias/Error  People may not have seen the recyclable  People may not know what to do with recyclable  Not enough data  Only surveyed for one day at each place  More “green” people may have stayed home due to the weather/vacation  People may have their hands full  People may think the trash is dirty and not want to get germs

46. Personal Opinions  We had a lot of data, maybe too much  Tough to keep organized and make sure we watched everyone  Took the entire first day to enter everything into fathom  We had a lot of tests  Having only categorical data limited the number of tests we could use  Less people recycle than we thought

47. Sources of Data/Information  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/America_Rec ycles_Day#Government_involvement http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/America_Rec ycles_Day#Government_involvement http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/America_Rec ycles_Day#Government_involvement  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recycling http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recycling  Valley Square  Montgomery Mall  Meyer Way Park

48. Question & Answer