1. Association Between Average Annual World Population Growth Rates and GDP per Capita Growth Rates,
Growing population
Growth Rates in Population
Saudi Arabia
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Singapore
China
Globally, a higher rate of population growth is associated with a lower rate of economic growth, but the association varies across regions and income levels.
Declining economy
Growing economy
Declining population
Growth Rate in GDP per Capita
Source: Population Reference Bureau, Population & Economic Development Linkages 2007 Data Sheet.

2. Notes on Association Between Average Annual World Population Growth Rates and GDP per Capita Growth Rates
Globally, a higher rate of population growth is associated with a lower rate of economic growth, but the association varies across regions and income levels.

3. Association Between Average Annual Growth Rates in Population and GDP per Capita, Africa, 1975-2004
Growing population
Population Growth Rate
Botswana
Sierra Leone
Lesotho
In Africa, as for the rest of the world, a higher rate of population growth is associated with a lower rate of economic growth, but the association varies within the region and across income levels.
Declining economy
Growing economy
Declining population
GDP per Capita Growth Rate
Source: Population Reference Bureau, Population & Economic Development Linkages 2007 Data Sheet.

4. Association Between Average Annual Growth Rates in Population and GDP per Capita, Asia, 1975-2004
Growing population
Population Growth Rate
Kuwait
Malaysia
China
In Asia, as for the rest of the world, a higher rate of population growth is associated with a lower rate of economic growth, but the association varies within the region and across income levels.
Declining economy
Growing economy
Declining population
GDP per Capita Growth Rate
Source: Population Reference Bureau, Population & Economic Development Linkages 2007 Data Sheet.

5. Association Between Average Annual Growth Rates in Population and GDP per Capita, Europe, 1975-2004
Growing population
Population Growth Rate
Albania
Moldova
Slovenia
In Europe, as for the rest of the world, a higher rate of population growth is associated with a lower rate of economic growth, but the association varies within the region and across income levels (with Europe having a smaller range in variation than other regions).
Declining economy
Growing economy
Declining population
GDP per Capita Growth Rate
Source: Population Reference Bureau, Population & Economic Development Linkages 2007 Data Sheet.

6. Association Between Average Annual Growth Rates in Population and GDP per Capita, Latin America,
Growing population
Population Growth Rate
Nicaragua
Dominican Republic
Trinidad and Tobago
In Latin America, as for the rest of the world, a higher rate of population growth is associated with a lower rate of economic growth, but the association varies within the region and across income levels.
Declining economy
Growing economy
Declining population
GDP per Capita Growth Rate
Source: Population Reference Bureau, Population & Economic Development Linkages 2007 Data Sheet.

7. Use of Modern Contraception by Wealth
Married Women Ages Using Modern Contraception
Percent
Across the world, poor women use contraceptives at lower rates than wealthier women. However, strong family planning efforts can increase the use of contraceptives in all wealth groups, even in low-income countries such as Bangladesh.
Source: Population Reference Bureau, Population & Economic Development Linkages 2007 Data Sheet.

8. Notes on Use of Modern Contraception by Wealth
Across the world, poor women use contraceptives at lower rates than wealthier women. However, strong family planning efforts can increase use of contraceptives in all wealth groups, even in low-income countries such as Bangladesh.

9. Use of Modern Contraception by Education
Married Women Ages Using Modern Contraception
Percent
Source: ORC Macro, Demographic and Health Surveys.

10. Use of Modern Contraception by Place of Residence
Married Women Ages Using Modern Contraception
Percent
Source: ORC Macro, Demographic and Health Surveys.

11. Child Mortality by Wealth
Deaths Under Age 5 per 1,000 Live Births
The mortality rate of children under age 5 varies between the wealthy and the poor in a country. People in lower wealth groups face more risk of their children dying than those in wealthier groups.
Source: Population Reference Bureau, Population & Economic Development Linkages 2007 Data Sheet.

12. Notes on Child Mortality by Wealth
The mortality rate of children under age 5 varies between the wealthy and the poor in a country. People in lower wealth groups face more risk of their children dying than those in wealthier groups.

13. Child Mortality by Place of Residence
Deaths Under Age 5 per 1,000 Live Births
Source: ORC Macro, Demographic and Health Surveys.

14. Infant Mortality by Wealth
Deaths Under Age 1 per 1,000 Live Births
Source: ORC Macro, Demographic and Health Surveys.

15. Association Between Fertility and Education
Percent of Girls Enrolled in Secondary School
Uruguay
Palestinian Territory
Morocco
The share of secondary school age girls who are enrolled in school tends to be higher in countries with lower fertility rates.
Total Fertility Rate
Source: Population Reference Bureau, Population & Economic Development Linkages 2007 Data Sheet.

16. Notes on Association Between Fertility and Education
The share of secondary school age girls who are enrolled in school tends to be higher in countries with lower fertility rates.

17. Total Fertility Rate by Wealth
Average Number of Children Born to a Woman During Her Lifetime
Source: ORC Macro, Demographic and Health Surveys.

18. Total Fertility Rate by Education
Average Number of Children Born to a Woman During Her Lifetime
Source: ORC Macro, Demographic and Health Surveys.

19. Association Between Fertility and Poverty
Percent of Population Living on <$2 per Day
Niger
Mongolia
Countries with a higher percentage of people living in poverty often have higher fertility rates.
Jordan
Total Fertility Rate
Source: Population Reference Bureau, Population & Economic Development Linkages 2007 Data Sheet.

20. Notes on Association Between Fertility and Poverty
Countries with a higher percentage of people living in poverty often have higher fertility rates.

21. Unmet Need for Family Planning by Wealth
Women with Unmet Need for Family Planning
Percent
The poorest people often have the highest unmet need for family planning services. However, in some countries, such as Ethiopia, the poorest may have low unmet need because they desire large families. In countries with strong family planning programs, such as Colombia, unmet need for family planning is relatively low, especially when compared to neighboring countries.
Women have an unmet need for family planning if they are married women of reproductive age (ages 15 to 49) who say they do not want more children or want to wait two or more years to have another child, yet are not using contraception.
Source: Population Reference Bureau, Population & Economic Development Linkages 2007 Data Sheet.

22. Notes on Unmet Need for Family Planning By Wealth
The poorest people often have the highest unmet need for family planning services. However, in some countries, such as Ethiopia, the poorest may have low unmet need because they desire large families. In countries with strong family planning programs, such as Colombia, unmet need for family planning is relatively low, especially when compared to neighboring countries.
Women have an unmet need for family planning if they are married women of reproductive age (ages 15 to 49) who say they do not want more children or want to wait two or more years to have another child, yet are not using contraception.

23. Period of Potential Demographic Bonus
Countries with increasing numbers of working-age adults relative to dependent elderly and children have an opportunity to increase employment, investment, and savings. This potential economic advantage in growth and well-being is called a demographic bonus.
This graph shows the time period in which selected countries can realize this bonus. Whether or not the demographic bonus is realized depends on economic policies and the creation of economic opportunities.
Source: Population Reference Bureau, Population & Economic Development Linkages 2007 Data Sheet.

24. Notes on Period of Potential Demographic Bonus
Countries with increasing numbers of working-age adults relative to dependent elderly and children have an opportunity to increase employment, investment, and savings. This potential economic advantage in growth and well-being is called a demographic bonus.
This graph shows the time period in which selected countries can realize this bonus. Whether or not the demographic bonus is realized depends on economic policies and the creation of economic opportunities.

25. Trends in Number of Working-Age Adults per Dependent
Number of Working-Age Adults (Ages 15-64) per Dependent (Under Age 15 and Ages 65 and Over)
Source: United Nations, World Population Prospects: The 2004 Revision, 2005.

26. Association Between Fertility and Female Labor Force Participation
Female Labor Force Participation Rate 2004
Djibouti
Philippines
Turkey
Female labor force participation tends to be higher in countries with lower fertility rates.
Total Fertility Rate
Source: United Nations, World Population Prospects: The 2004 Revision, 2005; International Labor Organization, Yearbook of Labor Statistics 2006.

27. Notes on Association Between Fertility and Female Labor Force Participation
Female labor force participation tends to be higher in countries with lower fertility rates.

28. Adolescent Pregnancy and Motherhood by Wealth
Women Ages Who Are Mothers or Pregnant with Their First Child
Percent
Source: ORC Macro, Demographic and Health Surveys.

29. Adolescent Pregnancy and Motherhood by Education
Women Ages Who Are Mothers or Pregnant with Their First Child
Percent
Source: ORC Macro, Demographic and Health Surveys.

30. Adolescent Pregnancy and Motherhood by Place of Residence
Women Ages Who Are Mothers or Pregnant with Their First Child
Percent
Source: ORC Macro, Demographic and Health Surveys.

31. Delivery Assistance by Place of Residence
Births Attended by a Doctor or Other Health Professional
Percent
Source: ORC Macro, Demographic and Health Surveys.

32. Inequalities in Health Status
Latest Surveys
Average ratio of the rate in poorest quintile to rate in richest quintile
56 countries
45 countries
50 countries
Note: Averages are not weighted for population size.
* BMI<18.5, defined as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters.
** Low height for age in relation to an international reference population of well-nourished children.
Source: D.R. Gwatkin, S. Rutstein, K. Johnson, E.A. Suliman, and A. Wagstaff, Initial Country-Level Information about Socioeconomic Differences in Health, Nutrition, and Population, Volumes I and II (Washington, DC: The World Bank, November 2003).

33. Life Expectancy at Birth
Years
Note: More developed regions, according to the UN Population Division, include Australia, New Zealand, Europe, North America, and Japan. Less developed regions include Africa, Asia (excluding Japan), and Latin America and the Caribbean; 50 countries within these regions are classified as least developed.
Source: United Nations Population Division, World Population Prospects: The 2004 Revision, 2005.

34. Childhood Mortality Among the Poor
Poorest Economic Quintile
Deaths under age 5 per 1,000 births
Source: ORC Macro, Demographic and Health Surveys.

35. Adolescent Fertility Rate
Births per 1,000 Women Ages 15-19
Source: D.R. Gwatkin, S. Rutstein, K. Johnson, E.A. Suliman, and A. Wagstaff, Initial Country-Level Information about Socioeconomic Differences in Health, Nutrition, and Population, Volumes I and II (Washington, DC: The World Bank, November 2003).

36. Fertility Among Poorer and Wealthier Women
Total Fertility Rate
Source: D.R. Gwatkin, S. Rutstein, K. Johnson, E.A. Suliman, and A. Wagstaff, Initial Country-Level Information about Socioeconomic Differences in Health, Nutrition, and Population, Volumes I and II (Washington, DC: The World Bank, November 2003).

37. Spousal Violence Women Who Have Ever Experienced Spousal Violence
Percent
Source: D.R. Gwatkin, S. Rutstein, K. Johnson, E.A. Suliman, and A. Wagstaff, Initial Country-Level Information about Socioeconomic Differences in Health, Nutrition, and Population, Volumes I and II (Washington, DC: The World Bank, November 2003).

38. Inequalities in the Use of Health Services
Surveys
Average rich/poor ratio
50 countries
53 countries
47 countries
42 countries
53 countries
Note: Represents the average of the ratios of the richest quintile to poorest quintile, not weighted for population size and excluding countries with use less than 1 percent.
Source: D.R. Gwatkin, S. Rutstein, K. Johnson, E.A. Suliman, and A. Wagstaff, Initial Country-Level Information about Socioeconomic Differences in Health, Nutrition, and Population, Volumes I and II (Washington, DC: The World Bank, November 2003).

39. Childhood Vaccination Coverage
Children Months Receiving Full Basic Coverage
Percent
Source: ORC Macro, Demographic and Health Surveys.

40. Contraceptive Users Who Obtain Supplies and Services From a Public Sector Program
Married Women Users
Percent
Source: D.R. Gwatkin, S. Rutstein, K. Johnson, E.A. Suliman, and A. Wagstaff, Initial Country-Level Information about Socioeconomic Differences in Health, Nutrition, and Population, Volumes I and II (Washington, DC: The World Bank, November 2003).

41. Delivery Assistance Among Women
Poorest Economic Quintile
Percent of births attended by skilled personnel
Source: ORC Macro, Demographic and Health Surveys.

42. Births Attended by Skilled Personnel: Progress Mixed
Percent
Source: D.R. Gwatkin, S. Rutstein, K. Johnson, E.A. Suliman, and A. Wagstaff, Initial Country-Level Information about Socioeconomic Differences in Health, Nutrition, and Population, Volumes I and II (Washington, DC: The World Bank, November 2003).

43. Women Who Decide by Themselves to Seek Health Care
Women Ages 15-49
Percent
Note: Includes only those women who say that they alone have the final say in decisions to obtain their own health care.
Source: D.R. Gwatkin, S. Rutstein, K. Johnson, E.A. Suliman, and A. Wagstaff, Initial Country-Level Information about Socioeconomic Differences in Health, Nutrition, and Population, Volumes I and II (Washington, DC: The World Bank, November 2003).

44. Outliers: Vietnam, Egypt, and Kazakhstan
Percent
Source: D.R. Gwatkin, S. Rutstein, K. Johnson, E.A. Suliman, and A. Wagstaff, Initial Country-Level Information about Socioeconomic Differences in Health, Nutrition, and Population, Volumes I and II (Washington, DC: The World Bank, November 2003).

45. Health Expenditure Per Capita
2003
US$
Note: Low-income countries are classified as having a per capita GNI of US$825 or less. Lower-middle-income countries are classified as having a per capita GNI of US$826 to US$3255. Upper-middle-income countries are classified as having a per capita GNI of US$3256 to US$10,065. High-income countries are classified as having a per capita GNI of US$10,066 or greater.
Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators 2006.

46. Population Living on Less Than US$2 per Day
2002
Percent
Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators 2006.