2. LOMA PRIETA, CA EARTHQUAKE OCTOBER 17, 1989 Dr. Walter Hays, Global Alliance For Disaster Reduction

3. LOMA PRIETA, CALIFORNIA EARTHQUAKE LOMA PRIETA, CALIFORNIA EARTHQUAKE 5:04 PM ON OCTOBER 17, 1989 M 7.1 62 DEATHS $1 BILLION INSURED LOSS FRAGILE INFRASTRUCTURE EXPOSED 5:04 PM ON OCTOBER 17, 1989 M 7.1 62 DEATHS $1 BILLION INSURED LOSS FRAGILE INFRASTRUCTURE EXPOSED

4. LOMA PRIETA EARTHQUAKE LOMA PRIETA EARTHQUAKE 62 DEATHS 3,757 INJURIES 8,000 HOMELESS $5.6 BILLION PROPERTY DAMAGE LIFELINE FLAWS

5. LOMA PRIETA EARTHQUAKE LOMA PRIETA EARTHQUAKE 1,300 BUILDINGS DESTROYED 20,000 BUILDINGS DAMAGED 3,500 BUSINESSES DAMAGED $1.8 BILLION LOSS TO TRANS- PORTATION

6. CA: HIGH SEISMICITY CA: HIGH SEISMICITY

7. CALIFORNIA’S FAULTS (SOURCE: CDMG) CALIFORNIA’S FAULTS (SOURCE: CDMG)

8. USGS’S 1988 FORCAST OF EARTHQUAKE PROBABITIES USGS’S 1988 FORCAST OF EARTHQUAKE PROBABITIES

9. Schematic Diagram of the Earthquake Mechanism NORTHNORTH WESTWEST

10. Schematic Diagram of the Earthquake Mechanism, But Without Surface Rupture NORTHNORTH WESTWEST

11. GROUND FAILURE, NOT SURFACE FAULT RUPTURE

12. POWER OUTAGES BEGAN AT 5:04 PM IN THE REGION POWER OUTAGES BEGAN AT 5:04 PM IN THE REGION

13. FIRE IN MARINA DISTRICT 100 KM FROM EPICENTER FIRE IN MARINA DISTRICT 100 KM FROM EPICENTER

14. LIQUEFACTION: MARINA DISTRICT LIQUEFACTION: MARINA DISTRICT

15. VULNERABLE SOFT-STORY BUILDINGS: MARINA DISTRICT VULNERABLE SOFT-STORY BUILDINGS: MARINA DISTRICT

16. LATERAL SPREADING: SAN FRANCISCO WHARF AREA LATERAL SPREADING: SAN FRANCISCO WHARF AREA

17. VULNERABLE UNREINFORCED MASONRY BUILDINGS VULNERABLE UNREINFORCED MASONRY BUILDINGS

18. VULNERABLE UNREINFORCED MASONRY BUILDINGS

19. COLLAPSE OF ELEVATED CYPRESS VIADUCT COLLAPSE OF ELEVATED CYPRESS VIADUCT

20. FORTY-ONE VICTIMS AT THE CYPRESS VIADUCT FORTY-ONE VICTIMS AT THE CYPRESS VIADUCT

21. FAILURE OF A SPAN ON THE OAKLAND BAY BRIDGE FAILURE OF A SPAN ON THE OAKLAND BAY BRIDGE

22. WIDESPREAD POWER OUTAGES WIDESPREAD POWER OUTAGES

23. GOVERNOR DEUKMEJIAN’S BOARD OF INQUIRY GOAL: TO FIND THE COMMON AGENDA (CA) OF TECHNICAL AND POLITICAL SOLUTIONS AND POLITICAL SOLUTIONS GOAL: TO FIND THE COMMON AGENDA (CA) OF TECHNICAL AND POLITICAL SOLUTIONS AND POLITICAL SOLUTIONS TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS POLITICAL SOLUTIONS CA

24. THE EARTHQUAKE TRIGGERED TECHNICAL AND POLITICAL ACTIONS THE EARTHQUAKE TRIGGERED TECHNICAL AND POLITICAL ACTIONS COMPREHENSIVE POSTEARTHQUAKE STUDIES FORMATION OF GOVERNOR DEUKMAJIAN’S BOARD OF INQUIRY PASSAGE OF TWO HUNDRED FORTY PIECES OF SPECIFIC LEGISLATION ENACTMERNT OF THE “EARTHQUAKE PLAN” COMPREHENSIVE POSTEARTHQUAKE STUDIES FORMATION OF GOVERNOR DEUKMAJIAN’S BOARD OF INQUIRY PASSAGE OF TWO HUNDRED FORTY PIECES OF SPECIFIC LEGISLATION ENACTMERNT OF THE “EARTHQUAKE PLAN”

25. THE EARTHQUAKE TRIGGERED TECHNICAL AND POLITICAL ACTIONS THE EARTHQUAKE TRIGGERED TECHNICAL AND POLITICAL ACTIONS PRESIDENTIAL EXECUTIVE ORDER REQUIRING ALL NEW FEDERAL BUILDINGS TO BE BUILT TO STATE-OF- ART CODES ACCELERATED RETROFIT OF STATE’S TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS NEW POLICY FOR EARTHQUAKE INSURANCE PRESIDENTIAL EXECUTIVE ORDER REQUIRING ALL NEW FEDERAL BUILDINGS TO BE BUILT TO STATE-OF- ART CODES ACCELERATED RETROFIT OF STATE’S TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS NEW POLICY FOR EARTHQUAKE INSURANCE

26. GOVERNOR DEUKMEJIAN’S BOARD OF INQUIRY GOVERNOR DEUKMEJIAN’S BOARD OF INQUIRY THE BOARD’S REPORT: “COMPETING AGAINST TIME” THE BOARD’S REPORT: “COMPETING AGAINST TIME” QUESTION 1: WHY DID THE CYPRESS VIADUCT ON INTERSTATE 880 AND THE OAKLAND BAY BRIDGE SPAN FAIL? QUESTION 1: WHY DID THE CYPRESS VIADUCT ON INTERSTATE 880 AND THE OAKLAND BAY BRIDGE SPAN FAIL?

27. GOVERNOR DEUKMEJIAN’S BOARD OF INQUIRY GOVERNOR DEUKMEJIAN’S BOARD OF INQUIRY THE BOARD’S REPORT: “COMPETING AGAINST TIME” THE BOARD’S REPORT: “COMPETING AGAINST TIME” QUESTION 2: COULD THESE FAILURES HAVE BEEN FORESEEN? QUESTION 2: COULD THESE FAILURES HAVE BEEN FORESEEN?

28. GOVERNOR DEUKMEJIAN’S BOARD OF INQUIRY GOVERNOR DEUKMEJIAN’S BOARD OF INQUIRY THE BOARD’S REPORT: “COMPETING AGAINST TIME” THE BOARD’S REPORT: “COMPETING AGAINST TIME” QUESTION 3: CAN WE IMPROVE OUR ABILITY TO PREDICT ACCURATELY FUTURE BRIDGE FAILURES? QUESTION 3: CAN WE IMPROVE OUR ABILITY TO PREDICT ACCURATELY FUTURE BRIDGE FAILURES?

29. GOVERNOR DEUKMEJIAN’S BOARD OF INQUIRY GOVERNOR DEUKMEJIAN’S BOARD OF INQUIRY THE BOARD’S REPORT: “COMPETING AGAINST TIME” THE BOARD’S REPORT: “COMPETING AGAINST TIME” QUESTION 4: IS THE SCHEDULE FOR AND MANNER OF RETROFITTING CA’S BRIDGE STRUCTURES APPROPRIATE IN TERMS OF THE STATE-OF-ART? QUESTION 4: IS THE SCHEDULE FOR AND MANNER OF RETROFITTING CA’S BRIDGE STRUCTURES APPROPRIATE IN TERMS OF THE STATE-OF-ART?

30. GOVERNOR DEUKMEJIAN’S BOARD OF INQUIRY GOVERNOR DEUKMEJIAN’S BOARD OF INQUIRY THE BOARD’S REPORT: “COMPETING AGAINST TIME” THE BOARD’S REPORT: “COMPETING AGAINST TIME” QUESTION 5: SHOULD CA MODIFY EXISTING CONSTRUCTION AND RETROFIT PROGRAMS FOR BRIDGE STRUCTURES? QUESTION 5: SHOULD CA MODIFY EXISTING CONSTRUCTION AND RETROFIT PROGRAMS FOR BRIDGE STRUCTURES?

31. GOVERNOR DEUKMEJIAN’S BOARD OF INQUIRY GOVERNOR DEUKMEJIAN’S BOARD OF INQUIRY THE BOARD’S REPORT: “COMPETING AGAINST TIME” THE BOARD’S REPORT: “COMPETING AGAINST TIME” QUESTION 6: ARE CA’S FREEWAY SYSTEMS SAFE FROM FUTURE EARTHQUAKES? QUESTION 6: ARE CA’S FREEWAY SYSTEMS SAFE FROM FUTURE EARTHQUAKES?

32. GOVERNOR DEUKMAJIAN’S BOARD OF INQUIRY FACT: THE COMMON AGENDA WAS BASED ON THE STRICKEN COMMUNITY’S STAPLE FACTORS FACT: THE COMMON AGENDA WAS BASED ON THE STRICKEN COMMUNITY’S STAPLE FACTORS TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS POLITICAL SOLUTIONS STAPLE FACTORS PP TT SS OO CA

33. THE STAPLE FACTORS ALWAYS VARY WITH THE STAPLE FACTORS ALWAYS VARY WITH TIME PLACE CIRCUMSTANCES TIME PLACE CIRCUMSTANCES

34. BOARD’S RECOMMENDATIONS: INTEGRATED POLITICAL AND TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS BOARD’S RECOMMENDATIONS: INTEGRATED POLITICAL AND TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS 1. AFFIRM THE POLICY THAT SEISMIC SAFETY IS A PRIMARY CONCERN FOR ALL TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS 1. AFFIRM THE POLICY THAT SEISMIC SAFETY IS A PRIMARY CONCERN FOR ALL TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS 2. ESTABLISH THE POLICY THAT SEISMIC SAFETY IS A PRIORITY FOR ALL PUBLIC AND PRIVATE BUILDINGS 2. ESTABLISH THE POLICY THAT SEISMIC SAFETY IS A PRIORITY FOR ALL PUBLIC AND PRIVATE BUILDINGS

35. BOARD’S RECOMMENDATIONS: INTEGRATED POLITICAL AND TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS BOARD’S RECOMMENDATIONS: INTEGRATED POLITICAL AND TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS 3. ESTABLISH A MECHANISM TO ADVISE THE GOVERNOR AND LEGISLATURE ON THE ACTIONS OF CA’S AGENCIES TO ACHIEVE SEISMIC SAFETY 3. ESTABLISH A MECHANISM TO ADVISE THE GOVERNOR AND LEGISLATURE ON THE ACTIONS OF CA’S AGENCIES TO ACHIEVE SEISMIC SAFETY 4. PREPARE A PLAN TO MEET THE GOVERNOR’S GOALS FOR THE SEISMIC SAFETY OF CA’S TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS 4. PREPARE A PLAN TO MEET THE GOVERNOR’S GOALS FOR THE SEISMIC SAFETY OF CA’S TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS

36. BOARD’S RECOMMENDATIONS: INTEGRATED POLITICAL AND TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS BOARD’S RECOMMENDATIONS: INTEGRATED POLITICAL AND TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS 5. FORM A PERMANENT EARTHQUAKE ADVISORY BOARD TO ADVISE CALTRANS ON POLICY, STANDARDS, AND PRACTICE 5. FORM A PERMANENT EARTHQUAKE ADVISORY BOARD TO ADVISE CALTRANS ON POLICY, STANDARDS, AND PRACTICE 6. ENSURE THAT CALTRAN’S SEISMIC DESIGN POLICIES AND CONSTRUCTION PRACTICES MEET THE POLICIES AND GOALS SET BY THE GOVERNOR 6. ENSURE THAT CALTRAN’S SEISMIC DESIGN POLICIES AND CONSTRUCTION PRACTICES MEET THE POLICIES AND GOALS SET BY THE GOVERNOR

37. BOARD’S RECOMMENDATIONS: INTEGRATED POLITICAL AND TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS BOARD’S RECOMMENDATIONS: INTEGRATED POLITICAL AND TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS 7. TAKE SPECIFIC ACTIONS TO REDUCE VULNERABILITIES OF NEW AND EXISTING TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS 7. TAKE SPECIFIC ACTIONS TO REDUCE VULNERABILITIES OF NEW AND EXISTING TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS 8. INVOLVE ALL TRANSPORTATION AGENCIES AND DISTRICTS--RAIL, HIGHWAY, AIRPORTS, PORTS, AND HARBORS---IN THE SOLUTION 8. INVOLVE ALL TRANSPORTATION AGENCIES AND DISTRICTS--RAIL, HIGHWAY, AIRPORTS, PORTS, AND HARBORS---IN THE SOLUTION

38. State of California (1990), Competing Against Time, Report of Governor Deukmejian’s Board of Inquiry on the Loma Prieta Earthquake Office of Planning and Research, New Highlands, California, 264 p.