1. Heating the Earth Investigation 4, Part 1
Heat Transfer
Heating the Earth
Investigation 4, Part 1
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2. Objectives
* I can explain how radiant energy from the Sun heats solid and liquid materials.
* I can describe how heat transfers through multiple materials.
I can describe how the atmosphere heated.
I can determine how to conduct a fair experiment.

3. Weather Report What are the main elements of weather? Pressure
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Pressure
Movement of Air
Heat
Moisture

4. Weather Report What are we finding the temperature of?
Air or atmosphere
Hottest during the day?
Afternoon
When is it coldest?
Just before daybreak
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5. Energy Source? What energy source heats things up during the day?
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6. Solar Heating Copy into ISN:
Today we’re going to investigate what happens to different earth materials when the sun shines on them.
Copy into ISN:
Focus Question is: Which material absorbs the most heat?
-soil, rock, water or air
Make a prediction in your ISN. Explain why you chose your answer.

7. Solar Heating Investigation
What happens to different earth materials when the Sun shines on them
Turn to “Earth Material Temperatures Lab”page 14 and 15 of your lab book.
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Student Lab Notebooks P.14-15

8. The Setup Monitor the temperature changes
Each group will set up four earth material containers
Soil
Water
Sand
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Student Lab Notebooks P.14-15
Air
Newspaper
Monitor the temperature changes

9. Thermometer
Make sure the thermometer is below the surface of the material in the container.
Why is this important?
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Student Lab Notebooks P.14-15
Water

10. Starting Temperature = 22˚C
Temperature change
Starting Temperature = 22˚C
After 3 minutes, temperature = 26˚C
26˚ - 22˚ = 4˚C
Temperature change is 4˚C
After 3 more minutes, temperature = 29˚C
29˚ - 22˚ = 7˚C
Temperature change is 7˚C
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Student Lab Notebooks P.14-15

11. Graph the Data Turn to the “Earth-Material Temperatures Graph”
Graph the temperature changes for each of the earth materials
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Student Lab Notebooks P.14-15

12. Graphing Reminders
Use a different color to identify the different materials (Include a key)
Start numbers at 0, 0
Make uniform intervals
Independent variable?
Dependent Variable?
Dependent
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Time

13. Here is what SHOULD have happened:
Water heats up the slowest and cools the slowest.
Air and/or soil should have heated up the most and cooled the fastest as well.

14. Did You Notice? Increased the least Went down the slowest
Water
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If each earth material received the same amount of solar energy, how can you explain the differences in temperature?

15. Water Has important property
Takes 5 times as much energy to heat water compared to soil or sand
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Student Lab Notebooks P.14-15

16. Faster?
Same amount of heat energy is absorbed equally by all materials
Which heats up faster?
Soil
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Water
Sand

17. Faster?
Same amount of heat energy is absorbed equally by all materials
Which heats up faster?
Soil
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The solid earth materials heat up faster than water
Sand

18. Water vs. Soil Both absorb the same amount of solar energy
Temperature of soil will be much higher than the water
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Student Lab Notebooks P.14-15

19. Question If the sun heated the earth materials, how did it do that?
How did the energy get from the Sun to the sand, soil, water and air?
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20. Radiant Energy Energy comes from the Sun as radiant energy
Travels as waves through space and air
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21. Radiation Transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves
Standing in sunshine, you are receiving energy from 150 million km away
Transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves
Visible light, Infrared, ultraviolet, microwaves, X-rays, and radio
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Student Lab Notebooks P.14-15

22. Radiation Energy can travel over great distances or short distances
Energy transfer at a distance without direct contact between the energy source and the energy receiver

23. Radiation
When radiant energy strikes an atom or molecule, like a water molecule, or a molecule in soil, or air, the molecule gains energy and begins to move faster or vibrate more. We say the molecule absorbed the radiant energy.
Absorbing radiant energy is one way energy transfers to matter.

24. Radiation Radiant energy strikes an atom or moleculeH
Radiant energy strikes an atom or molecule
Molecule gains energy and begins to move faster
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Student Lab Notebooks P.14-15

25. Molecular Motion Molecular Motion IS HEAT
More motion in molecules = the hotter it is
LIQUIDS
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SOLIDS

26. Differential Heating Different materials heat up at different rates
Accounts for the difference in temperature of water and soil
Soil
Water
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Sand
Air

27. Oceans and Lakes
Can store more heat than landmasses, even though the temperature of the water may be lower. Can store more heat than can land
Even though the temperature
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Student Lab Notebooks P.14-15

28. Multimedia
Show “Heat and Energy” animation on the Weather and Water CD-Rom.
Focus on energy transfer through radiation.
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Student Lab Notebooks P.14-15

29. Reading Page 20 Read “Thermometer: A Device to Measure Temperature”
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Student Resource Book - P.20