1. Urbanization 1850s – people in rural areas of Great Britain began moving to cities to search for work This growth of cities is known as urbanization, and it tends to happen due to migration There are pros and cons to urbanization – what are they?

2. Acculturation Change as a result of contact with other cultural groups This can be seen as a form of voluntary assimilation, as people may adopt or adapt to certain features of other groups in order to fit in

3. Cultural Revitalization A process through which unique cultures regain a sense of identity, such as through promoting heritage languages or reviving traditions and customs This can be seen with the Inuit people, as they worked with the government for self-government and land claims; this culminated in the creation of Nunavut in 1999

4. Affirmation of Identity You affirm your identity every day through the choices you make in terms of how much you choose to blend in with the masses and how much you choose to stand on your own Francophones in Canada affirm their identity by protecting their French language rights; they have the right to protect their language and culture enshrined in the Constitution The Francophones also affirm their identity with other French-speaking nations around the world by belonging to La Francophonie, an association of French-speaking countries