1. Ghost shrimp (Neotrypaea californiensis) Mud Shrimp (Upogebia pugettensis) Neotrypaea gigas

2. - Found in upper intertidal to subtidal zones - Predominantly in sandy sediments - Burrows typically 50 cm depth, but can be > 1 meter - Deposit feeder (detritus, organic particles associated with sediment) - Can occur at densities >400 per sq. meter Volcano-shaped burrow mounds & burrow openingsBurrows have 2+ openings many chambers Ghost or Sand Shrimp Neotrypaea californiensis

3. - Found in mid intertidal to subtidal zones - Predominantly in muddy sediments - Burrows typically 75 cm depth, but can be >1 meter - Filter feeder (plankton, detritus in water) and deposit feeder/ farmer? - Can occur at densities >400 per sq. meter Yaquina Bay tide flat showing mud shrimp burrow openings Mud shrimp burrows are typically Y-shaped with 2+ openings. Mud Shrimp Upogebia pugettensis

4. Impacts of Burrowing Behavior Water movement 2) Burrow Ventilation (oxygen exchange) = Bioirrigation Sediment movement 1) Burrow Excavation, Deposit Feeding, Defecation = Bioturbation Excavation mounds Burrow Courtesy of Bret Dumbauld

5. Impact on Carbon & Nutrients Oxygenated water Plankton, detritus Oxygen, organic matter Dissolved nutrients, CO 2 Decomposition solid C,N  dissolved C,N Dissolved nutrients (N) CO 2

7. What else lives in these burrows? Pea crabs (3 species) Snapping shrimp (3 species) Bivalves (>2 species) Scale worms Gobi fish (as a refuge) Copepod (parasitic) Parasitic isopods (at least 2 species) Phoronida (sticks it’s tentacles into the burrow)

8. Orthione griffenis Markham 2004 THE PARASITE FROM HELL!!!! (OR AT LEAST, ASIA)

9. North America since 1988 Japan 1995: China 1950s Earliest occurrence confirmed in Asia

10. Ballast water: a likely dispersal mechanism Epicarids, microniscids and cryptoniscids in ballast water from 21 of 129 ships surveyed, Coos Bay, Oregon, in the 1990s

11. Oops! Prevalence of Orthione griffenis and density of Upogebia at Cedar River, Site 1988-2005 (Dumbauld, 2011 ).

12. Estimated Shrimp Numbers, Yaquina Bay 20022008 Upo Neo 313,973,877 76,809,568 108,433,069 13,278,116 65% 83% Total - 18% - 30% % yr -1

13. 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 18232833 CL (mm) % Overall Natality Uninfested Infested Parasite Population Level Effects on Upogebia 68% loss

14. Immigration before and after the solstice 10 July What’s with the Ghost Shrimp (Neotrypaea) ?

15. Ocean or Estuary Limits? Both species are estuary limited – Upogebia High parasite (Orthione) prevalence Variable ocean survival Early recruitment (< 21 June) Low estuarine post-larval mortality – Neotrypaea Low parasite (Ione) prevalence Variable ocean survival Late recruitment (> 21 June) High estuarine post-larval mortality