1. WELCOME TO A PRESENTATION ON DISTRIBUTION AUTOMATION
S.PRATAP KUMAR
DIRECTOR TRANSMISSION,
KPTCL, BANGALORE

2. What is Distribution Automation

3. Function of Distribution Automation System
Remotely monitors the distribution system, facilitates supervisory control of devices and provides decision support tools to improve the system performance
SCADA
(Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition)
Application Functions

4. Distribution Management (DMS)
What is Distribution Automation ?
“A set of technologies that enable an electric utility to remotely monitor, coordinate and operate distribution components in a real-time mode from remote locations” - (IEEE definition)
DA is an umbrella concept that embraces all the other real-time and operational functions for the distribution network
Distribution Management (DMS)
Substation
Automation (SA)
Meter
Reading
(AMR)
Feeder
Automation (FA)

5. Need for Automation and Current trends

6. What you get out of Automation
With …you receive which results to
Remote Control
Fast outage / fault management
Shorter outage times
Fault indication
Faster fault management
Shorter outage times
Protection
Actual current seen by relay
PM analysis
Measurements
More information from network
Accurate network analysis
Quality monitoring
Information on problem areas
Improved quality of power
Condition monitoring
Service information of switches
Reduced maintenance intervals

7. Automation Systems and Functionality

8. Automation Systems – Distribution Utilities
SCADA
Distribution Management System (DMS)
Geographical Information System (GIS)
Automatic Meter Reading System (AMR)
Outage Management System (OMS)
Communication Systems
Billing and Business Process Automation
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Systems

9. Automation Systems – Description
Supervisory Control & Data Acquisition Systems (SCADA)
Develop and integrate Real-time SCADA systems
Distribution Management Systems (DMS)
Solutions for DMS systems for distribution utilities for faster Fault Location, Isolation and Supply Restoration (FLISR) and reduction in downtime
Geographical Information Systems (GIS)
GIS systems for asset management

10. Automation Systems – Description
Automatic Meter Reading System
Solutions for AMR systems for energy auditing
High end consumer load profile monitoring
Integrated with billing and other processes to reduce cycle time
Communication System
Fibre Optic (SCADA on Fibre; Pilot for DMS completed)
Mobile – CDMA / GSM / GPRS
VSAT / Low Power Radio
Wimax (Pilot under progress)

11. SCADA/DMS Functionalities
Monitoring and Control of EHV and HV network
Distribution Network Power Flow
To execute real-time power flow studies for optimal switching
Fault Location, Isolation and Service Restoration (FLISR)
To determine the location of feeder faults
Recommend actions to isolate the faulty sections & restore supply to the healthy sections of feeders
Switching Procedure Management
To execute switching orders and inverted switching orders
Voltage and VAR Control
For optimal switching of Capacitor banks and OLTC control

12. SCADA/DMS Functionalities
Outage Management System (OMS)
Keep records of forced and planned outages
Load shedding and restoration
Short Term Load Forecasting and Calculation of Quality Service Indices
Optimal Feeder Reconfiguration (OFR)
Judicious network switching to reduce losses and voltage problems
Energy Balance
- Gives insight into the energy flow and losses in the network

13. (Customer Information System) AMR (Automatic Meter Reading System)
Typical Integrated Solution – Distribution Utility
SCADA/DMS
CIS
(Customer Information System)
GIS
AMR (Automatic Meter Reading System)
ERP system (SAP R/3)
Outage
Data
Trouble tickets
Maps, Equipment Data
Load Profiles
Customer
System & Equipment faults, Switching counts
Equipment Data
Billing & Settlement
Status data

14. Key Design Parameters – SCADA/DMS system
User Interface Response Time
Communication Media
Type, Frequency and Quantity of Data Flow
Data flows between different elements of the SCADA / DMS network
RTU – SCADA / DMS communication
High load and Burst load scenarios
Hardware sizing (SCADA / DMS servers, RTU)
Scalability for future expansion
Data flows between SCADA / DMS and other IT systems

15. Levels of Automation Substation Level Automation
Feeder Level Automation
Customer Level Automation

16. Operational problems and Potential Applications of DAS
Fault location, isolation and Service Restoration
Maintaining good voltage profile
Load Balancing
Load Control
Metering
Maintaining Maps
Fuse-off call operations
Energy accounting
Recent Buzz words !!
Outage Management
Customer Information Management

17. Candidate Distribution Automation Functions

18. Application Functions
Network Reconfiguration
a) Fault localization
b) Service Restoration
c) Load Balancing
Integrated Volt-Var Control
Remote Metering
Automatic Load Shedding
Load Management
Automated Mapping and Facilities Management (AM/FM)
Trouble Call Management System (TCMS)
Load Survey and Energy Accounting

19. Network Reconfiguration - Service Restoration
Restores service to non-faulty feeder sections by reconfiguration
Considerations
Presence of alternate paths
Operation of LB switches
Need to have remotely controllable switches
Restoration based on
- satisfaction of current and voltage constraints
- minimum switches
- minimum losses

20. Network Reconfiguration - Load Balancing
Composition and hence consumption patterns of loads on
different feeders are different
To distribute loads among transformers/feeders
Remote control of switches for reconfiguration

21. Integrated Volt-Var Control
Applied on feeders with capacitors and voltage regulators
Control of capacitor banks and voltage regulators
Schedule for switching and tap control
To meet reactive power requirements and reduce losses

22. Automatic Load Shedding
Under Frequency based load shedding
Sensing Frequency through transducers
Load shedding based on the frequency drop, current loading
conditions and priority of the load
Closed loop function at RTU level

23. Load Management - Emergency based load shedding
Gap between power generation and load demand due to
sudden contingencies
To shed the loads based on the relief required
Identification of loads to be shed based on
- current load magnitudes
- priority of the load
- time when last shed
Shed the load based on the above factors

24. Trouble Call Management System (TCMS)
Responds to customer complaints
Acceptance of interruption/restoration data from the operator
Distribution Transformer trip/close info from SCADA
Determination of source of interruption
Improvement of response time to customer complaints

25. Load Survey and Energy Accounting
Availability of continuous data on loads etc.,
Determination of Load Patterns
Data for planning
Detection of abnormal energy consumption pattern
Identification of high loss areas

26. Substation Feeder Automation Automation Tangible Benefits
Customer interface
Automation
Reduction in Capital Expenditure
due to:
Deferment of additional substation
facilities
Effective utilization of substation
Reduction in Capital Expenditure
due to:
Deferment of additional feeders
Effective utilization of existing
feeders
Reduction in O&M Costs of:
Regular Meter Reading
Reprogramming of Meters
Service Connect/Disconnect
Processing of Customer Claims
Reduction in O&M Costs of Breaker
switching for:
Routine Operations
Non-Routine Operations
Reduction in O&M Costs of:
Fault Location and Isolation
Service Restoration
Routine Switching Operations
Recloser Setting
Recloser Testing
Data Collection
Data Analysis
Feeder Reconfiguration
Capacitor Banks Inspection
Increased Revenue Due to:
Reduction of System Peak Load
Tamper Detection to Reduce
Electricity Theft
Reduced Payments for Customer
Claims
Reduction in O&M Costs of LTC
Operation for:
Routine LTC Operations
Non-Routine Operations
Reduction in O&M Costs for:
Routine Relay Testing
Relay Setting
Increased Revenue Due to:
Loss Reduction due to Feeder
Reconfiguration
Loss Reduction due to Capacitor
Banks Automation
Faster Service Restoration
Reduction in O&M Costs of:
Routine Data Collection
Non-Routine Data Collection
Data Analysis
Testing of Data Logging Devices
Repair of Data Logging Devices

27. Bangalore Distribution Automation System

28. Need of Distribution Automation in Bangalore City
Load Profile of Bangalore Metropolitan Area
Existing Demand of Bangalore Metropolitan Area is MWS
Bangalore is the fastest Growing city in the country
Studies conducted to forecast future Load Requirement
Load of Bangalore will be doubled by
Projected Demand of Bangalore by is MWS

29. Need of Distribution Automation in Bangalore City
Load Profile of Bangalore Metropolitan Area
Existing Demand of Bangalore
Metropolitan Area is 1437 MWS
Bangalore is the fastest Growing city
in the country
Studies conducted to forecast future
Load Requirement
Load of Bangalore will be doubled by
Projected Demand of Bangalore by
is MWS
Power Supply Reliability
The present Reliability Index in Bangalore City is 99%.
Annual Average consumer hours lost due to
11kV feeder interruption Hours
66kV feeder / sub-station – Hours
DTC / LT interruptions – 1.43 Hours.
Total Hrs/Year/Consumer

30. Need of Distribution Automation in Bangalore City
Bangalore is the most potential location for software business, IT Enabled Services & Biotech owing to its inherent strength.
Majority of IT activity not only in the State but also in the country is concentrated in Bangalore.
Bangalore has been at the forefront of industrial growth in India with enterprising citizens – ideal choice for investment infrastructure.
Bangalore refer to as the Silicon Valley of India accounts for highest software exports in the Country.
Bangalore City Contributes more than 70% of BESCOM total revenue.
Support from State Government for foreign Investment.
Electronic equipment manufacturing as well as Garment industries are developing in Bangalore City.
In rush for investment from foreign investors.
Increased Demand from Residential Layouts
Demand due to establishing new International Airport

31. Scope of the Works in Bangalore DAS
Drawing 11kV new lines with Coyote ACSR conductor to suit the overhead system for distribution automation.
Providing 11kV, 400 Sq mm UG/AB cable to suit the overhead system for distribution automation.
Retrofitting of existing RMU Operating Devices (OD) with VCB’s and providing motorized mechanism.
Providing motorized mechanism for Vertical Lines (VL) and OD’s of new and old RMU’s.
Providing compact RMU’s for spur points of overhead lines.
Providing sectionalizers with communication facility between two VL’s.
Providing Remote Terminal Units (RTU) with communication facility at all RMU locations.
Providing SCADA system at each of the sub-station with necessary hardware and software.
Establishing Master Control Center at Corporate level with necessary communication, hardware and software.

32. The Bangalore Distribution Automation System aims at achieving
Control of 11 KV feeders
Operation of line sectionalisers, motorised isolators, auto reclosures
Data acquisition from load end CTs and PTs
Operation of CBs for switched capacitor banks
Use of customized EMS Software packages with real time data collected through RTUs
Issue, control and receiving back of line clears, introduce interlock and safety algorithm, password protected operating environment
Real time logging of data / archived records of hours of service,Equipment data base
Integration with Geographical Information System (GIS) Software packages

33. System Configuration of DAS

34. Integrated Distribution Automation system
Real time control over the costly energy sold.
Improved efficiency results in lower costs,
Better reliability in power supply, planned control actions,
Optimum power factor, reduction in losses.
Improved efficiency also results in reduction of the Green House gases and consequent improvement in the environment.
Enables online energy audit (AMR Systems) which is now receiving the focused attention of all utilities

35. Project Implementation
The project will be implemented in Phases.
Under Phase I, as a pilot project Peenya Industrial Area, EPIP area and Electronic city area are identified. Completion period 6 months.
In the second Phase BESCOM is planning to take up the Distribution Automation of the entire existing RMUs (Cable network) along with the improvements required for overhead distribution to suit the overhead system for Automation. Completion period 9 months.
Under Phase III, BESCOM is planning to take up the Distribution Automation of the entire over head network. Completion period 9 months.
Total Cost of the Project is about 563 Crores.
The Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC) is extending financial assistance for this project