1. “Science is not belief, but the will to find out,”
5th Grade Science
“Science is not belief, but the will to find out,”
Unknown Author
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2. Scientific Process

3. Science Equipment & Measurement
Balance
Mass (g/kg)
Magnifying glass
Size
Goggles
Safety
Graduated Cylinder
Volume (ml/L)
Ruler
Length (mm/cm/m/km)
Thermometer
Temperature (°C)
Stopwatch
Time (sec/mins)
Hotplate
Apply Heat
Scientific Process, Equipment & Measurement
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4. 5 Steps to Evaluating Charts and Graphs:
Look for patterns on the data represented.
Record the totals for each data point on a bar/line graph.
Look for a key to help you interpret
Look for the labels on the chart/graph
Look for the title of the chart/graph
5 Steps to Evaluating Charts and Graphs:

5. Evaluating Models and Promotional Materials
Review
Infer
Relate
3 Steps to Examining a Model
Does it have all the parts?
Does the model make sense?
How can it be improved?
Evaluating Charts, Graphs, Models & Promotional Materials
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6. Ecosystems of the World
Deserts, Rainforests, Tundras, Grasslands, & Deciduous Forests.
Ecosystems are large scale environments, where certain animals and plants live. The climate there determines which organisms are able to survive and which aren’t. They include:
dry & hot hot & humid cold & dry warm & wet seasonable
Sometimes natural disasters or humans can cause an ecosystem to change. This might cause the plants and animals that live there to move, or even die. Things like volcanoes, pollution, earthquakes, forest fires, flooding, tsunamis, and tornadoes can cause this to happen.

7. Organisms and How They Interact With the Environment
Prey- animal that is eaten. Ex. Deer
Predator- animal that hunts Ex. Lion
Producer- plants that make food. Ex. Grass
Consumer- animal that gets food. Ex. Frog
Decomposer- bacteria that eats the remains Ex. Fungus
3 types of consumers:
Herbivores- plant eaters
Carnivores- meat eaters
Omnivores- eat both plants and meat
Energy is transferred from the Sun to the plants, to herbivores, to the carnivores.
So food chains and webs represent the flow of energy in an ecosystem.
Food Chain: One example of the flow of energy in an ecosystem
Food Web: Multiple food chains showing how energy moves in an ecosystem.
Ecosystems, Organisms and Reactions with Environment
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8. Survival & Adaptation: Types
In Stomachs
In Leaves
Conserving Water
Blowhole
Gills
Getting Oxygen
Beaks
Claws
Getting Food
Defense
Camouflage
Protection

9. Metamorphosis refers to the way organisms develop, grow, & change.
Life Cycles and Change
Metamorphosis refers to the way organisms develop, grow, & change.
Incomplete Metamorphosis only has three stages, egg, nymph & adult. The nymph will resemble the adult but will be wingless.
Complete Metamorphosis has four stages, egg, larva, pupa, adult. The larva will not resemble the adult stage at all.
Survival & Adaptations, Life Cycle & Change
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10. Traits and Behaviors Traits & Behaviors Learned Behaviors
Our inherited traits come from our parents
Other things we learn over time or are taught.
Learned Behaviors
Inherited Traits & Behaviors
Traits & Behaviors
Things that are taught to you or have been learned from experience.
Characteristics you are born with.
eating habits
spoken language
likes & dislikes
eye color
fur/skin color
Leaf shape
Traits and Behaviors

11. Cycles That Support Life
The water cycle provides plants and animals with water to meet one of their basic needs and survive.
The carbon cycle uses the process of photosynthesis to take in carbon dioxide, sunlight and water, to produce oxygen for plants and animals, and food for itself.
Traits and Behaviors & Cycles that Support Life
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12. Systems and Cycles in Space
Our solar system in located in the Milky Way Galaxy.
There are 8 planets in the solar system, the first 4 are the inner planets, and the next 4 are the outer planets. The Sun’s gravity keeps them in orbit.
The Earth rotates on an imaginary axis. It take 24 hours or 1 day for it to complete one complete turn.
As the Earth rotates on its axis, it also orbits around the Sun. It takes the earth 365 days to complete on revolution around the Sun. The Earth’s tilt, along with its revolution around the Sun is what causes our seasons.
As the earth orbits the Sun and turns on its axis, the moon orbits the Earth. As it does this we can see a pattern of change over about 30 days. There is the new moon, first quarter, full moon, and last quarter. Then the cycle begins again.
The Earth, Moon, and Sun form a system.

13. Earth’s Structure and Change
The Earth is made of three layers, core, mantle & crust. The crust is the part that we inhabit and the part that changes the most. The crust has many land features known as landforms. These are made through different processes on Earth.
Rapid Changes
Volcanoes
*Adds new layers to
Earth’s surface. Destroys
ecosystem around it.
Earthquakes
*Sudden movement of
plates beneath surface
cause changes in the
Earth’s surface.
Landslides
Mass movement of land
due to gravity or other
conditions that
destabilize the land.
Slow Changes
Weathering
Slow change over time
that break down rock
by wind, water, ice and
growth of plant roots.
Erosion
Movement of soil, sand,
or sediment by wind,
water or ice.
Deposition
Soil, sand & sediment
is carried away and
new land is formed.
Glaciers
Large sheet of moving
ice that weathers and
erodes the surface as it
moves.
Systems & Cycles in Space, Earth’s Structure & Change

14. Weather, The Water Cycle and the Role of the Sun
Energy from the Sun powers the water cycle.
The Sun helps plants go through photosynthesis to reduce CO2, produce O2 & make their own food.
Constant moving water helps to shape the surface of the Earth and guide weather patterns
air is sinking, this causes dry air, clear skies, and little to no precipitation.
High Pressure =
Low Pressure = air is lifting, this causes rain, snow, ice, and cloudy and stormy conditions to occur.
Cold fronts travel south (triangle strand), warm fronts travel northward (half circles).
Weather Maps
Climate is different from weather. It is the weather in a certain region over a long period of time. For example, Midland has a mild climate. It only get cold for short spells over the year. We are too far south. So, our climate is warmer compared to North Dakota or Maine.

15. Alternative Resources Nonrenewable Resources
Earth’s Resources
Earth has materials found naturally that we can use for a variety of things. They are divided into the three groups shown below.
Renewable
Resources
Plants
Animals
Water
Oxygen
Soil
Alternative Resources
Geothermal
Hydroelectric
Bio-fuels
Solar
Wind
Nonrenewable Resources
Oil
Natural Gas
Coal
Minerals
Recycle
Limited
Endless
Fossil Fuels form over millions of years. Dead plants and animals are buried by layers of sediment. Over time, through heat and pressure, they turn into coal, oil and natural gas.
Alternative Energy is the phrase we use to describe alternatives to oil, coal and natural gas. We are finding ways to utilize what we find naturally on earth in a better and cheaper way.
Sedimentary Rock layers tell a story of the past. They are formed when layers of soil, sand, sediment and rock are deposited along with water to form the layers over time.
Fossils can be found here and can also tell us about the climate from the past.
Geo Solar Wind Biofuel Hydro-
thermal electric
Soil is a very important renewable resource. Depending on the type, it can have a different texture, ability to retain water, and support life.
Weather, Water Cycle, Role of the Sun, Earth’s Resources
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16. Forms of Energy & Their Properties
Energy is the ability to do work and it exist in many forms.
Kinetic Energy: energy that is in motion. Energy can be seen.
Potential Energy: energy that can not be seen (stored energy).
Energy
Thermal
Electrical
Light
Sound
Mechanical Energy
Refraction
Bending
Reflection
Bouncing
Sound Vibrations

17. Energy in Motion PULL PUSH Conductors Insulators
Energy that is used to move things is called force.
Electrical energy moves in a path. A closed path can be used to do work.
PUSH
Conductors
Insulators
Other Force Factor Include:
Gravity
Friction
Mass
Forms of Energy, Their Properties, & Energy in Motion

18. Physical Properties of Matter
Matter is all around us. Each type of matter has physical properties that make it unique. Some examples are shown below:
Physical Properties of Matter
States of Matter
Mass
Magnetism
Density
Solubility
Insulation
Conduction
Freezing point
Boiling point
Freezes at 0ºC
&
Water Boils at 100ºC

19. Changes in States of Matter
Matter is always changing:
Freezing
Evaporation
Melting
Condensation
Cooling
Heating
Physical Property of Matter, Changes in States of Matter

20. Properties of Mixtures & Solutions
Harder to separate
Saltwater:
Easy to separate
Cork and Iron nails:
Solutions are mixtures of two or more substances. Each substance usually does not maintain its physical properties. They are more difficult to separate
Mixtures are two or more substances mixed together. Each substance maintains its unique physical properties. The mixture is easy to separate.
Properties of Mixtures & Solutions