Step Up To: Psychology John J. Schulte, Psy.D. & Jason S. Spiegelman, M.A., ABD From: Hockenbury & Hockenbury Discovering Psychology 5e Worth Publishers.

Step Up To: Psychology John J. Schulte, Psy.D. & Jason S. Spiegelman, M.A., ABD From: Hockenbury & Hockenbury Discovering Psychology 5e Worth Publishers (2010) From: Hockenbury & Hockenbury Discovering Psychology 5e Worth Publishers (2010)

Chapter 11: Social Psychology Person Perception: Forming Impressions of Other People Attribution and Attitudes Understanding Prejudice and Conformity Obedience: Just Following Orders Helping out a Stranger

100 200 300 400 500 Person Perception: Forming Impressions of Other People

100 200 300 400 500 Attribution and Attitudes

100 200 300 400 500 Understanding Prejudice and Conformity

100 200 300 400 500 Obedience: Just Following Orders

100 200 300 400 500 Helping out a Stranger

1. __________ refers to the effects of situational factors and other people on an individual’s behavior. A) Social psychology B) Social influence C) Social cognition D) Social constructs A) Social psychology B) Social influence C) Social cognition D) Social constructs

2. Social __________ is a type of mental process that we use to cluster people into groups on the basis of their shared characteristics. It is often an automatic and unconscious process. A) categorization B) clustering C) personifying D) glossing A) categorization B) clustering C) personifying D) glossing

3. No one suspected that the clown visiting sick children in the hospital was serial killer John Wayne Gacy. He just wasn’t that “type” of person. This illustrates: A) expectation evaluation B) social cognition C) trait theory of personality D) implicit personality theory A) expectation evaluation B) social cognition C) trait theory of personality D) implicit personality theory

4. Kristi is sitting alone on the bus. She feels uncomfortable when the bus stops and only one person gets on and sits next to her. Her discomfort is, in part, caused by: A) social influence B) social norms C) person perception D) implicit personality theory A) social influence B) social norms C) person perception D) implicit personality theory

5. Which of the following is not one of the basic principles of person perception? A) Your reactions to others are determined by your perception of them, not by who they really are B) Your goals in a situation determine the amount and kinds of information you collect about others C) Your self-perception is not involved in the way in which you perceive others D) In every situation you evaluate people partly in terms of how you expect them to act A) Your reactions to others are determined by your perception of them, not by who they really are B) Your goals in a situation determine the amount and kinds of information you collect about others C) Your self-perception is not involved in the way in which you perceive others D) In every situation you evaluate people partly in terms of how you expect them to act

6. “That guy who just cut me off on the highway must be a real jerk!” This statement best demonstrates the: A) fundamental attribution error B) actor-observer discrepancy C) just-world hypothesis D) self-serving bias A) fundamental attribution error B) actor-observer discrepancy C) just-world hypothesis D) self-serving bias

7.Culture plays a large role in the attributions that we tend to make. For example, Japanese students tend to make _______ attributions when they fail an exam, while American students tend to make ________ attributions in the same circumstance. A) external; internal B) internal; external C) positive; negative D) negative; positive A) external; internal B) internal; external C) positive; negative D) negative; positive

8. Attitudes are comprised of three different components. Which of the following is not one of those three? A) behavioral component B) cognitive component C) diathesis component D) affective component A) behavioral component B) cognitive component C) diathesis component D) affective component

9. When you behave in a way that is in conflict with your attitude, you experience: A) behavioral reassessment B) thought confusion C) attitude adjustment D) cognitive dissonance A) behavioral reassessment B) thought confusion C) attitude adjustment D) cognitive dissonance

10. Which of the following conditions does not inspire people to behave in ways that are consistent with their attitudes? A) when we are exposed to media sources that challenge our attitude B) when the attitude is based on direct experience C) when the attitude is extreme or frequently expressed D) when you are very knowledgeable about the topic of the attitude A) when we are exposed to media sources that challenge our attitude B) when the attitude is based on direct experience C) when the attitude is extreme or frequently expressed D) when you are very knowledgeable about the topic of the attitude

11. Prejudice is best defined as: A) taking negative action toward people who belong to a different social group B) speaking badly about people who belong to a different social group C) a negative attitude toward people who belong to a specific social group D) all of the above A) taking negative action toward people who belong to a different social group B) speaking badly about people who belong to a different social group C) a negative attitude toward people who belong to a specific social group D) all of the above

12. What was the main task of the Solomon Asch experiment exploring conformity? A) selecting matching colors B) choosing line sizes C) administering electric shocks D) pretending to be prison inmates or guards A) selecting matching colors B) choosing line sizes C) administering electric shocks D) pretending to be prison inmates or guards

13. Nick says that all women are bad drivers. His social categorization of women based on one common attribute (being female) is an example of a(n): A) in-group classification B) out-group classification C) stereotype D) cognitive dissonance A) in-group classification B) out-group classification C) stereotype D) cognitive dissonance

14. This study demonstrated that cooperation among group members can lessen prejudice. A) The Stanford Prison Experiment B) The Jigsaw Classroom Experiment C) The In-group Out-group study D) The Robbers Cave Experiment A) The Stanford Prison Experiment B) The Jigsaw Classroom Experiment C) The In-group Out-group study D) The Robbers Cave Experiment

15. When an individual decides to change their behavior to win the approval or social acceptance of others, (s)he is being affected by: A) ethnocentric pressure B) normative social influence C) informational social influence D) biased conformity A) ethnocentric pressure B) normative social influence C) informational social influence D) biased conformity

16. The results of Stanley Milgram’s research into obedience found that: A) the subjects who continued knew it wasn’t real B) most subjects discontinued when shock levels became extreme C) subjects had to be threatened to deliver dangerous levels of shock D) most subjects continued to deliver the highest level of shock A) the subjects who continued knew it wasn’t real B) most subjects discontinued when shock levels became extreme C) subjects had to be threatened to deliver dangerous levels of shock D) most subjects continued to deliver the highest level of shock

17. Who was the only person in the Milgram Obedience study to receive an actual electric shock? A) Stanley Milgram B) The “learner” C) The “teacher” D) The “experimenter” A) Stanley Milgram B) The “learner” C) The “teacher” D) The “experimenter”

18. Which of the following was not one of the forces that influenced the obedience of subjects in Milgram’s studies? A) the amount of physical separation from the “learner” B) the situation or context in which the obedience occurred C) increasing the pay offered to the “teacher” D) gradual, repetitive escalation of the task A) the amount of physical separation from the “learner” B) the situation or context in which the obedience occurred C) increasing the pay offered to the “teacher” D) gradual, repetitive escalation of the task

19. Which of the following variations of Milgram’s obedience study resulted in the fewest “teachers” delivering the maximum shock (450 volts) to the learner? A) The teacher was free to choose the shock level. B) The teacher and learner were in the same room. C) The teacher was male and the learner was female. D) The teacher was clearly much younger than the learner. A) The teacher was free to choose the shock level. B) The teacher and learner were in the same room. C) The teacher was male and the learner was female. D) The teacher was clearly much younger than the learner.

20. Based on the results of the Stanford Prison Experiment, what might we have been able to predict about the treatment of prisoners at Abu Ghraib? A) Implied social rules and norms can be just as powerful as explicit orders B) People will follow the direct orders of a superior when in the military C) We will easily scapegoat those different from ourselves D) People cannot resist pressure to perform evil action A) Implied social rules and norms can be just as powerful as explicit orders B) People will follow the direct orders of a superior when in the military C) We will easily scapegoat those different from ourselves D) People cannot resist pressure to perform evil action

21. The “bystander effect” has been used as an explanation for why nobody came to the immediate aid of __________, who was stabbed to death in New York City. A) Betty Zimbardo B) Shelby Milgram C) Sheila Asch D) Kitty Genovese A) Betty Zimbardo B) Shelby Milgram C) Sheila Asch D) Kitty Genovese

22. According to studies done on helping behavior, if you want to collect for a charity, the person most likely to give would be: A) Joe, who was just told by his boss that he is receiving a promotion B) Mary, who has $100 in her pocket C) David, who just lost a tennis match D) Sarah, who has never given before A) Joe, who was just told by his boss that he is receiving a promotion B) Mary, who has $100 in her pocket C) David, who just lost a tennis match D) Sarah, who has never given before

23. Which of the following is not an example of an altruistic act? A) Returning a lost dog to collect the posted reward B) Holding a door open for a stranger carrying two babies C) Giving up your seat on a crowded bus for an elderly passenger D) Jumping into traffic to save a stranger’s child from getting hit by a car A) Returning a lost dog to collect the posted reward B) Holding a door open for a stranger carrying two babies C) Giving up your seat on a crowded bus for an elderly passenger D) Jumping into traffic to save a stranger’s child from getting hit by a car

24. You are stuck with a flat tire when you are out of your house, and you have no jack and no spare tired. In which of the following situations are you most likely to get help from a stranger? A) In a crowded mall parking lot the day before Christmas B) On a deserted country road that gets one or two cars each hour C) When you are stuck on the side of a busy highway during rush hour D) In a stadium parking lot before a professional football game A) In a crowded mall parking lot the day before Christmas B) On a deserted country road that gets one or two cars each hour C) When you are stuck on the side of a busy highway during rush hour D) In a stadium parking lot before a professional football game

25. Which of the following factors has not been found to increase the likelihood of helping behavior occurring? A) Perceiving that the other person is deserving of help B) Knowing how to help C) Seeing that others are unwilling to help D) Having a personal relationship with the person who needs help A) Perceiving that the other person is deserving of help B) Knowing how to help C) Seeing that others are unwilling to help D) Having a personal relationship with the person who needs help

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