1. Mrs. O. Pacheco Spanish III-IV
Stress & Accentuation
Mrs. O. Pacheco
Spanish III-IV

2. Dividing Syllables Division of Syllables 1-2-3-4-5:
Make syllables one consonant first followed by one vowel. (as much as possible and wherever possible)
Examples: (Put more stress on the bold syllable)
CA-SA = house
GA-TO = cat
TE-LÉ-FO-NO = telephone
MA-MÁ = mom
GOR-DO = fat
A-NO-CHE = last night

3. 2.Only one strong vowel per syllable.
STRONG VOWELS:    A    E    O    Í    Ú   
WEAK VOWELS:    I    or    U   (without a written accent mark).
Examples: (Put more stress on the bold syllable)
TO-A-LLA = towel
A-E-RO-PUER-TO = airport
O-SO = bear
FE-O = ugly
TÍ-O = uncle

4. NOTE:
The letter I or U (without a written accent mark) can be alone only at the beginning of a word. Examples: (Put more stress on the bold syllable)
U-RU-GUAY = Uruguay
I-TA-LIA = Italy
U-NI-DO = united
I-GUAL = same I-GUA-NA = iguana
LOS   ES-TA-DOS   U-NI-DOS = The United States

5. 3. Never separate a diphthong
What is a diphthong?
A DIPHTHONG is when you see -- I or U together with any other vowel.
NOTE: I or U must be without a written accent mark. The other vowel may or may not have a written accent mark.
Examples: (Put more stress on the bold syllable)
JUAN = John
MA-RIO = Mario
CA-MIÓN = truck
BUE-NO = good
PIA-NO = piano
AC-CIÓN = action
ES-TU-DIAN-TE = student
PUER-TA = door

6. NOTE: Do divide when it is not a diphthong.
When the letter I or U has a written accent mark, it becomes strong.
Examples: (Put more stress on the bold syllable)
DÍ-AS = days
TÍ-O = uncle
MA-RÍ-A = Mary
PA-RA-Í-SO = paradise

7. 4. Divide two consonants that are between two vowels.
Examples: (Put more stress on the bold syllable)
¿CUÁN-DO? = when
¿DÓN-DE? = where
PRIN-CI-PAL = principal
CAR-TE-RO = mailman

8. EXCEPTION: PRI-MO = cousin INS-TRU-MEN-TO = instrument CLA-SE = class
When the letter L or R has a consonant before and a vowel after, keep them all together in the same syllable.
Examples: (Put more stress on the bold syllable)
PRI-MO = cousin
INS-TRU-MEN-TO = instrument
CLA-SE = class
ES-TRE-CHO = narrow
DIA-BLO = devil
DO-BLA-DI-LLO = hem

9. Never separate: CH, LL, RR -- They are considered one letter.
Examples: (Put more stress on the bold syllable)
CHI-NA = China
MU-CHA-CHO = teen boy
PE-RRO = dog (m)
CA-RRI-TO = little car
GA-LLO = rooster
A-MA-RI-LLO = yellow

10. NOTE: Divide these two double consonants: CC & NN.
Examples: (Put more stress on the bold syllable)
AC-CIÓN = action
IN-NU-ME-RA-BLE = innumerable
RE-AC-CIÓN = Reaction
IN-NE-CE-SA-RIO = unnecessary

11. Spanish Rules of Stress
For words with a written accent mark:
If a word has a written accent mark, then put more stress on the syllable with the written accent mark (á-é-í-ó-ú - only vowels have a written accent mark).
Example: Mé-xi-co        Pe-rú             Pa-na-má
For words without a written accent mark:
If a word ends in a consonant, except N or S, then put more stress on the last syllable:
Example: pa-pel          can-tar          ha-blar
If a word ends in a vowel, N or S, then put more stress on the next to the last syllable:
Example: ga-to          ha-blo

12. Accentuation Rules
There are four categories of multisyllabic words in Spanish, as far as stress is concerned. A word's stress category has to do with which syllable is tónica. 
Palabras llanas are stressed on the next to the last syllable (la penúltima). 
Palabras agudas are stressed on the last syllable (la última). 
Palabras esdrújulas are stressed on the third to the last syllable (la antepenúltima). 
Palabras sobresdrújulas are stressed on the fourth to the last syllable. 

13. Palabras llanas ac - ci - den - te fi - lo - so - fí - a
All of the following words are stressed on the next to last syllable (o la penúltima sílaba).
no - che
ár - bol
bi - go - te
pe - rro
ca - ba - llo
co - ci - na
fa - bu - lo - so
lib - ro
ac - ci - den - te
fi - lo - so - fí - a
es - ta - cio - nes
hi - jos
cés - ped
hue - so
sa - ra - pe

14. Palabras agudas fri - jol can - tar hab - ló an - dén so - por - tar
Each of the following words is stressed on the last syllable (o la última sílaba).
fri - jol
can - tar
hab - ló
an - dén
so - por - tar
sen - tí
ma - ra - tón
re - loj
ñan - dú
baj - ó
sar - tén
pin - cel

15. Palabras esdrújulas
All of the follwing words are stressed on the third to the last syllable (o la antepenúltima sílaba). Notice that esdrújulas always have a written accent mark.
fan - tás - ti - co
pa - ra - lí - ti - co
én - fa - sis
es - tú - pi - dos
lu - ciér - na - ga
mur - cié - la - go
es - drú - ju - la
miér - co - les
ri - dí - cu - lo
an - gé - li - cas
sín - te - sis
a - ná - li - sis

16. Palabras sobresdrújulas
All of the follwing words are stressed on the fourth to the last syllable (¡o la preantepenúltima sílaba!).  Notice that sobresdrújulas always have a written accent mark.Notice also that in each of them the last two syllables are attached pronouns.
fu - mán - do - me - la
es - cri - bién - do - se - lo
di - cién - do - me - lo

17. THE WRITTEN ACCENT MARK
One-syllable words DO NOT have a written accent mark unless they are used to distinguish one word from its homonym pair. (si = if; sí = yes)
If a word ends in a vowel (a, e, i, o, u) or n or s and it is not llana, put an accent mark over the stressed syllable. 
If a word ends in a consonant (other than n or s) and it is not aguda, put an accent mark over the stressed syllable. 
An accent mark will also be placed over a weak vowel (u or i) in order to break an automatic diphthong.

18. Words that end in a vowel (or "n" or "s") and are not llanas
ha - bló
viv - vió
can - té
sar - tén
cor - tés
fre - ne - sí
mas - ti - có
pon - dréis
Tim - buk - tú

19. Words that end in a consonant (not "n" or "s") and are not agudas
ár - bol
cés - ped
chó - fer
pós - ter
di - fí - cil
fá - cil

20. Breaking natural diphthongs
ba - úl
rí - o
ha - cí - a
a - ún
Ma - rí - a
con - ti - nú - a
pa - na - de - rí - a
mí - a
dú - o

21. Practice: Divide & mention where are these words stressed.
Para
Preguntar
Todavía
Colocar
Marcador
Carro
Noviembre
Once
Estación
Entonces
mañana
12. Pedro 13. Papel 14. Río 15. Computadora 16. Televisión 17. Costumbre 18. Calculadora 19. Cartel 20. Rosado 21. Falda 22. Hipocresía 23. Papelera

22. Practica: Silabas Tónicas y Acentuación
Click on the link(s) below:
s-practice.php
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